HC4.A Percentage of children ages 2–17 with a dental visit in the past year by age and selected characteristics, 1997–2020
HC4A Excel Table
HC4A Standard Error Excel Table
Characteristic | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ages 2–4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 44.7 | 44.8 | 39.9 | 44.1 | 42.2 | 40.6 | 46.5 | 46.6 | 48.0 | 45.6 | 47.0 | 50.9 | 55.5 | 52.3 | 57.5 | 57.3 | 62.2 | 61.3 | 63.2 | 63.9 | 65.7 | 65.0 | 67.7 | 62.3 |
Poverty statusb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Below 100% poverty | 46.0 | 46.3 | 35.0 | 47.0 | 40.2 | 40.9 | 45.4 | 43.8 | 43.0 | 43.5 | 45.5 | 51.7 | 55.9 | 54.8 | 56.3 | 58.7 | 64.2 | 62.4 | 67.7 | 62.9 | 65.5 | 71.6 | 70.3 | 65.2 |
100%–199% poverty | 39.1 | 36.0 | 37.2 | 42.7 | 35.7 | 33.9 | 41.2 | 43.0 | 43.6 | 40.9 | 48.8 | 49.0 | 60.2 | 51.4 | 59.3 | 54.0 | 58.5 | 58.7 | 59.2 | 66.2 | 61.8 | 63.0 | 66.0 | 57.3 |
200% poverty and above | 46.4 | 47.6 | 42.5 | 43.7 | 45.2 | 43.0 | 49.1 | 48.9 | 51.7 | 48.3 | 46.7 | 51.4 | 53.1 | 51.6 | 57.3 | 58.0 | 62.8 | 62.0 | 62.9 | 63.3 | 67.2 | 63.5 | 67.5 | 63.6 |
Type of insurancec | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Private insuranced | 46.0 | 46.4 | 41.9 | 44.8 | 44.3 | 43.1 | 46.0 | 48.7 | 51.5 | 49.5 | 46.8 | 51.3 | 55.6 | 50.5 | 56.8 | 56.5 | 61.2 | 61.6 | 61.2 | 62.1 | 66.2 | 64.0 | 66.2 | 63.5 |
Public insuranced, e | 49.9 | 47.9 | 41.3 | 46.3 | 41.9 | 42.1 | 49.6 | 48.3 | 45.5 | 45.0 | 49.7 | 54.8 | 58.5 | 57.9 | 59.9 | 61.1 | 66.0 | 61.9 | 67.5 | 69.2 | 66.6 | 68.9 | 71.6 | 61.9 |
No insurance | 30.5 | 29.0 | 25.5 | 37.3 | 27.1 | 22.3 | 35.6 | 24.9 | 31.3 | 23.8 | 37.2 | 35.2 | 33.7 | 30.4 | 47.6 | 35.1 | 37.6 | 47.4 | ‡ | 37.8 | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ |
Race and Hispanic originf | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
White, non-Hispanic | 44.5 | 44.6 | 40.9 | 45.1 | 44.1 | 42.6 | 47.4 | 47.8 | 49.5 | 45.9 | 44.7 | 48.9 | 56.7 | 47.8 | 53.6 | 53.7 | 59.8 | 57.6 | 60.1 | 60.6 | 64.1 | 59.4 | 65.1 | 58.9 |
Black, non-Hispanic | 49.3 | 48.8 | 41.2 | 43.3 | 40.1 | 37.8 | 47.9 | 38.2 | 47.9 | 39.9 | 50.0 | 60.5 | 55.8 | 58.3 | 59.5 | 64.6 | 61.3 | 66.2 | 70.5 | 72.3 | 64.8 | 77.3 | 73.0 | 60.5 |
American Indian or Alaska Native | 48.6 | 38.6 | 48.4 | 71.8 | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | 48.1 | 63.8 | ‡ | 64.0 | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | 73.8 | 87.9 | 79.3 | 60.5 | ‡ | 75.2 | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ |
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic | 54.8 | ‡ | ‡ | 73.4 | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | 69.7 | ‡ | 71.0 | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | 88.5 | 76.7 | 80.0 | ‡ | 69.1 | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ |
Asian | 41.0 | 39.3 | 37.0 | 40.3 | 34.2 | 37.1 | 37.9 | 44.9 | 38.7 | 47.4 | 35.0 | 38.7 | 50.3 | 43.4 | 55.0 | 45.1 | 48.5 | 58.0 | 57.0 | 62.4 | 58.1 | 70.7 | 62.3 | ‡ |
Asian, non-Hispanic | 38.3 | 40.3 | 37.4 | 40.2 | 35.0 | 37.7 | 38.0 | 45.3 | 40.3 | 49.5 | 35.0 | 37.5 | 48.3 | 40.0 | 53.5 | 44.6 | 48.7 | 56.2 | 55.9 | 61.7 | 54.1 | 68.9 | 62.3 | ‡ |
Two or more races | — | — | 48.7 | 53.8 | 40.0 | 46.9 | 48.8 | 57.5 | 51.1 | 57.7 | 54.7 | 46.9 | 54.6 | 51.9 | 61.1 | 51.5 | 68.5 | 57.8 | 65.8 | 61.4 | 45.6 | 61.2 | 69.5 | ‡ |
Hispanic | 43.0 | 44.2 | 34.5 | 39.2 | 38.7 | 36.3 | 44.1 | 46.9 | 43.6 | 45.4 | 50.9 | 52.7 | 57.1 | 59.4 | 64.1 | 62.1 | 67.8 | 67.7 | 67.8 | 66.2 | 75.4 | 69.7 | 71.0 | 71.9 |
Ages 5–17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 79.2 | 80.0 | 79.8 | 80.6 | 80.1 | 81.8 | 81.5 | 83.2 | 82.7 | 82.9 | 83.7 | 83.9 | 84.0 | 85.4 | 87.3 | 88.0 | 87.7 | 87.8 | 89.6 | 89.3 | 89.1 | 90.6 | 91.2 | 89.4 |
Poverty statusb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Below 100% poverty | 66.7 | 68.3 | 64.6 | 66.1 | 66.3 | 69.9 | 71.0 | 71.5 | 72.7 | 74.9 | 74.2 | 75.7 | 76.1 | 78.6 | 81.7 | 81.4 | 82.3 | 82.2 | 86.1 | 85.4 | 85.6 | 87.2 | 87.4 | 83.9 |
100%–199% poverty | 67.9 | 68.4 | 68.8 | 71.2 | 70.8 | 74.7 | 73.2 | 74.9 | 74.7 | 74.5 | 75.9 | 75.3 | 79.2 | 79.6 | 82.6 | 84.7 | 82.8 | 82.7 | 86.2 | 84.7 | 83.7 | 86.8 | 88.2 | 85.8 |
200% poverty and above | 87.4 | 87.5 | 87.7 | 87.8 | 86.9 | 87.5 | 87.4 | 89.5 | 88.4 | 88.8 | 89.1 | 89.6 | 88.6 | 90.1 | 91.3 | 91.8 | 91.8 | 92.2 | 92.3 | 92.4 | 92.2 | 92.9 | 93.5 | 92.0 |
Type of insurancec | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Private insuranced | 85.3 | 85.5 | 86.2 | 86.9 | 86.4 | 87.7 | 87.3 | 89.2 | 88.4 | 89.5 | 89.5 | 89.6 | 89.2 | 90.1 | 91.0 | 91.6 | 92.5 | 91.8 | 92.4 | 92.7 | 92.9 | 93.7 | 93.4 | 92.4 |
Public insuranced, e | 76.7 | 75.5 | 72.5 | 74.9 | 73.1 | 75.7 | 77.7 | 78.1 | 79.5 | 79.3 | 80.1 | 82.6 | 82.9 | 84.6 | 87.0 | 87.5 | 86.7 | 86.0 | 88.8 | 88.4 | 87.2 | 89.6 | 91.5 | 88.9 |
No insurance | 50.2 | 53.6 | 51.2 | 53.1 | 53.0 | 56.5 | 53.4 | 53.5 | 53.2 | 53.2 | 54.2 | 51.0 | 54.9 | 55.6 | 60.0 | 61.6 | 56.4 | 59.9 | 62.5 | 59.4 | 64.0 | 66.6 | 65.8 | 63.3 |
Race and Hispanic originf | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
White, non-Hispanic | 83.6 | 84.2 | 84.8 | 85.7 | 85.1 | 87.2 | 86.3 | 88.0 | 87.0 | 87.3 | 87.1 | 87.5 | 86.9 | 88.2 | 89.1 | 89.6 | 90.2 | 90.0 | 91.0 | 89.9 | 91.1 | 91.7 | 92.2 | 90.9 |
Black, non-Hispanic | 73.3 | 74.2 | 73.1 | 75.6 | 73.7 | 75.1 | 75.5 | 80.3 | 78.7 | 79.4 | 80.6 | 82.9 | 81.6 | 84.4 | 87.1 | 87.4 | 85.0 | 86.8 | 88.6 | 90.9 | 86.3 | 90.2 | 92.1 | 88.2 |
American Indian or Alaska Native | 72.1 | 81.5 | 61.6 | 71.2 | 81.3 | 77.1 | 74.6 | 75.0 | 78.4 | 78.9 | 91.9 | 79.6 | 78.5 | 78.4 | 88.8 | 90.3 | 82.9 | 94.2 | 87.8 | 87.9 | 88.8 | 96.2 | ‡ | ‡ |
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic |
73.9 | 81.5 | 59.6 | 75.2 | 81.2 | 75.2 | 75.7 | 76.8 | 82.1 | 78.7 | 93.1 | 83.6 | 74.2 | 70.8 | 88.0 | 93.8 | 85.4 | 94.4 | 88.4 | 85.7 | 89.4 | 97.5 | ‡ | ‡ |
Asian | 76.1 | 74.7 | 78.0 | 81.9 | 83.2 | 74.8 | 81.8 | 79.9 | 76.7 | 82.7 | 79.1 | 82.1 | 82.2 | 82.1 | 81.9 | 85.7 | 86.7 | 84.8 | 88.0 | 89.2 | 87.8 | 88.6 | 90.1 | 89.1 |
Asian, non-Hispanic | 75.7 | 74.7 | 77.8 | 81.8 | 83.2 | 76.0 | 81.3 | 79.5 | 76.7 | 82.7 | 79.3 | 82.3 | 81.8 | 81.7 | 81.5 | 85.4 | 87.2 | 83.9 | 87.9 | 89.0 | 87.9 | 88.7 | 90.6 | 88.7 |
Two or more races | — | — | 80.3 | 77.7 | 79.2 | 79.5 | 82.8 | 84.6 | 85.2 | 84.4 | 81.0 | 82.9 | 87.2 | 86.3 | 86.5 | 87.7 | 87.0 | 84.9 | 89.4 | 89.9 | 88.1 | 90.6 | 93.1 | 92.7 |
Hispanic | 66.1 | 67.7 | 65.8 | 65.9 | 66.4 | 69.2 | 70.0 | 70.4 | 72.8 | 71.9 | 76.7 | 75.1 | 77.8 | 79.3 | 84.3 | 85.0 | 84.0 | 84.7 | 87.6 | 87.6 | 87.1 | 88.8 | 89.2 | 86.9 |
Ages 5–11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 80.7 | 80.1 | 80.8 | 81.0 | 80.4 | 82.7 | 81.6 | 83.9 | 83.8 | 82.9 | 84.7 | 84.0 | 85.0 | 86.5 | 88.9 | 89.3 | 88.7 | 88.6 | 90.7 | 90.9 | 90.1 | 91.5 | 92.0 | 90.6 |
Poverty statusb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Below 100% poverty | 70.4 | 70.1 | 66.2 | 68.5 | 67.9 | 72.1 | 72.9 | 73.6 | 74.7 | 74.3 | 78.1 | 77.9 | 77.3 | 80.8 | 86.3 | 84.0 | 85.5 | 85.1 | 89.4 | 89.2 | 88.9 | 88.7 | 87.7 | 89.1 |
100%–199% poverty | 71.7 | 68.6 | 70.7 | 73.4 | 70.9 | 76.8 | 73.9 | 76.2 | 76.0 | 74.8 | 78.4 | 75.6 | 83.5 | 81.8 | 83.7 | 87.2 | 84.9 | 84.4 | 87.8 | 88.2 | 85.9 | 89.3 | 90.4 | 86.8 |
200% poverty and above | 88.2 | 87.5 | 88.5 | 87.5 | 87.5 | 88.2 | 87.3 | 90.0 | 89.4 | 89.4 | 89.0 | 89.7 | 88.8 | 90.9 | 92.3 | 92.4 | 91.8 | 92.1 | 92.5 | 92.6 | 92.3 | 93.2 | 94.0 | 92.4 |
Type of insurancec | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Private insuranced | 86.4 | 85.0 | 87.2 | 86.7 | 86.5 | 88.4 | 86.3 | 89.4 | 88.9 | 89.6 | 89.3 | 89.0 | 89.3 | 90.5 | 91.6 | 92.0 | 93.2 | 91.0 | 92.8 | 93.3 | 92.4 | 93.4 | 94.0 | 91.7 |
Public insuranced, e | 77.9 | 76.1 | 71.4 | 75.4 | 75.0 | 77.2 | 78.5 | 79.8 | 80.3 | 78.5 | 82.1 | 83.3 | 84.7 | 85.9 | 89.0 | 88.8 | 88.3 | 88.5 | 90.1 | 90.4 | 89.3 | 90.9 | 91.8 | 92.1 |
No insurance | 55.1 | 57.4 | 56.1 | 58.0 | 52.9 | 59.4 | 59.5 | 56.3 | 59.4 | 55.3 | 58.5 | 53.5 | 56.0 | 59.6 | 65.7 | 68.9 | 56.1 | 64.0 | 66.1 | 63.4 | 72.3 | 72.7 | 71.4 | 74.2 |
Race and Hispanic originf | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
White, non-Hispanic | 84.4 | 83.5 | 85.8 | 85.6 | 85.1 | 87.8 | 85.6 | 88.3 | 86.9 | 87.2 | 86.9 | 86.6 | 86.8 | 89.2 | 90.0 | 89.6 | 90.6 | 89.7 | 91.5 | 90.2 | 91.1 | 91.8 | 93.1 | 92.3 |
Black, non-Hispanic | 77.7 | 76.5 | 75.1 | 78.2 | 74.3 | 78.5 | 77.2 | 82.3 | 81.2 | 78.1 | 84.6 | 84.6 | 85.0 | 87.0 | 89.5 | 90.3 | 86.5 | 88.6 | 89.9 | 92.9 | 88.4 | 92.0 | 92.9 | 90.0 |
American Indian or Alaska Native | 75.2 | 89.2 | 66.4 | 73.6 | 81.6 | 76.4 | 73.1 | 84.0 | 80.8 | 84.7 | 94.4 | 85.5 | 73.2 | 79.8 | 90.7 | 96.0 | 85.2 | 98.4 | 88.9 | 86.8 | 88.5 | 94.9 | ‡ | ‡ |
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic | 75.0 | 90.8 | 64.1 | 80.5 | 80.1 | 75.7 | 75.0 | ‡ | 83.7 | 84.3 | 94.6 | 83.7 | 64.1 | 72.2 | 87.8 | 97.1 | 83.2 | ‡ | ‡ | 80.7 | ‡ | 99.3 | ‡ | ‡ |
Asian | 77.3 | 76.4 | 77.0 | 84.8 | 84.4 | 75.0 | 81.9 | 83.7 | 80.7 | 83.6 | 79.4 | 83.9 | 82.4 | 81.9 | 79.4 | 88.1 | 88.2 | 86.1 | 88.4 | 93.1 | 87.4 | 87.4 | 90.4 | 90.7 |
Asian, non-Hispanic | 76.5 | 76.7 | 76.4 | 84.6 | 84.5 | 75.0 | 81.8 | 83.3 | 80.8 | 83.6 | 79.7 | 84.7 | 82.0 | 82.0 | 79.0 | 87.8 | 87.8 | 85.2 | 88.4 | 93.5 | 88.1 | 86.9 | 90.4 | 90.4 |
Two or more races | — | — | 79.7 | 81.4 | 81.4 | 78.0 | 86.0 | 83.2 | 87.0 | 83.8 | 78.3 | 79.3 | 90.0 | 87.3 | 89.4 | 90.3 | 89.8 | 84.6 | 92.4 | 94.0 | 90.5 | 91.5 | 93.0 | 91.8 |
Hispanic | 68.9 | 69.3 | 66.3 | 66.2 | 68.7 | 71.8 | 71.6 | 71.6 | 75.7 | 74.1 | 79.8 | 77.4 | 80.8 | 80.6 | 88.0 | 88.0 | 86.2 | 87.3 | 89.7 | 90.5 | 89.5 | 91.3 | 90.8 | 88.1 |
Ages 12–17 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 77.4 | 79.8 | 78.6 | 80.2 | 79.7 | 80.7 | 81.4 | 82.4 | 81.6 | 82.8 | 82.5 | 83.7 | 82.8 | 84.1 | 85.4 | 86.5 | 86.6 | 86.9 | 88.4 | 87.4 | 88.0 | 89.6 | 90.3 | 88.0 |
Poverty statusb | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Below 100% poverty | 61.0 | 65.9 | 62.5 | 62.7 | 64.4 | 66.7 | 68.7 | 69.0 | 70.1 | 75.7 | 69.4 | 72.7 | 74.4 | 75.4 | 75.7 | 77.7 | 77.4 | 78.4 | 81.4 | 80.5 | 81.0 | 85.3 | 86.9 | 77.4 |
100%–199% poverty | 62.9 | 68.1 | 66.3 | 68.3 | 70.6 | 72.0 | 72.3 | 73.3 | 73.1 | 74.0 | 73.1 | 74.9 | 74.4 | 77.0 | 81.1 | 81.7 | 80.2 | 80.5 | 84.4 | 80.3 | 80.8 | 83.5 | 85.8 | 84.7 |
200% poverty and above | 86.6 | 87.4 | 86.7 | 88.2 | 86.4 | 86.8 | 87.4 | 88.9 | 87.4 | 88.1 | 89.2 | 89.4 | 88.4 | 89.3 | 90.2 | 91.1 | 91.7 | 92.3 | 92.1 | 92.1 | 92.2 | 92.7 | 92.9 | 91.7 |
Type of insurancec | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Private insuranced | 84.0 | 86.0 | 84.9 | 87.2 | 86.4 | 86.8 | 88.3 | 89.0 | 87.8 | 89.5 | 89.7 | 90.2 | 89.2 | 89.6 | 90.4 | 91.3 | 91.8 | 92.7 | 91.9 | 92.0 | 93.5 | 94.0 | 92.8 | 93.2 |
Public insuranced, e | 74.6 | 74.7 | 74.1 | 74.1 | 70.4 | 73.5 | 76.6 | 75.7 | 78.3 | 80.4 | 77.2 | 81.6 | 80.5 | 82.5 | 84.0 | 85.5 | 84.1 | 82.7 | 86.9 | 85.5 | 84.2 | 87.6 | 91.2 | 85.3 |
No insurance | 44.6 | 49.1 | 45.6 | 47.3 | 53.2 | 53.5 | 46.9 | 50.6 | 47.4 | 51.2 | 50.3 | 48.6 | 53.9 | 52.1 | 54.7 | 55.7 | 56.6 | 56.0 | 59.7 | 56.5 | 56.4 | 61.0 | 60.3 | 51.8 |
Race and Hispanic originf | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
White, non-Hispanic | 82.6 | 84.9 | 83.5 | 85.8 | 85.2 | 86.6 | 87.1 | 87.7 | 87.1 | 87.5 | 87.2 | 88.5 | 86.9 | 87.2 | 88.1 | 89.7 | 89.9 | 90.3 | 90.5 | 89.5 | 91.1 | 91.7 | 91.2 | 89.5 |
Black, non-Hispanic | 67.6 | 71.5 | 70.7 | 72.4 | 73.0 | 70.9 | 73.6 | 78.1 | 76.3 | 80.6 | 76.5 | 81.1 | 78.2 | 81.5 | 84.4 | 83.9 | 83.1 | 84.7 | 87.3 | 88.5 | 84.0 | 87.8 | 91.3 | 86.2 |
American Indian or Alaska Native | 68.7 | 70.2 | 55.4 | 69.0 | 81.0 | 78.1 | 77.1 | 67.0 | 76.1 | 72.5 | 87.4 | 69.1 | 85.9 | 76.7 | 85.8 | 82.2 | 79.7 | 89.3 | 86.3 | 89.8 | 89.2 | 97.3 | ‡ | ‡ |
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic | 72.8 | 68.0 | 53.4 | 71.0 | 82.3 | 74.3 | 76.6 | 63.8 | 80.7 | 73.5 | 90.1 | 83.6 | 88.3 | 69.7 | 88.2 | 87.8 | 88.2 | 88.9 | ‡ | 92.6 | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ |
Asian | 74.6 | 72.5 | 78.9 | 78.6 | 81.5 | 74.5 | 81.7 | 75.8 | 71.7 | 81.8 | 78.8 | 79.9 | 81.8 | 82.3 | 85.0 | 82.5 | 84.8 | 83.2 | 87.6 | 84.2 | 88.3 | 90.0 | 89.8 | 87.3 |
Asian, non-Hispanic | 74.8 | 72.2 | 79.0 | 78.5 | 81.3 | 77.5 | 80.7 | 75.6 | 71.9 | 81.7 | 78.7 | 79.1 | 81.6 | 81.4 | 84.4 | 82.1 | 86.5 | 82.4 | 87.2 | 83.3 | 87.5 | 90.6 | 90.8 | 87.0 |
Two or more races | — | — | 81.2 | 71.5 | 74.8 | 82.1 | 76.5 | 86.4 | 82.2 | 85.5 | 84.2 | 85.7 | 83.4 | 84.4 | 83.1 | 83.6 | 84.1 | 85.4 | 85.0 | 84.5 | 85.3 | 89.4 | 93.2 | 94.0 |
Hispanic | 62.3 | 65.3 | 65.1 | 65.5 | 63.2 | 65.7 | 67.7 | 68.9 | 69.1 | 69.1 | 72.9 | 72.1 | 73.9 | 77.6 | 79.2 | 81.4 | 81.1 | 81.5 | 84.9 | 84.0 | 84.0 | 85.8 | 87.4 | 85.7 |
— Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
‡ Reporting standards not met; estimates are considered unreliable. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
a Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection for the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) switched to a telephone-only mode beginning on March 19, 2020. Personal visits (with telephone attempts first) resumed in all areas in September 2020. Response rates were lower and respondent characteristics were different in April–December 2020. Differences observed in estimates between April–December 2020 and other time periods may have been impacted by these differences in respondent characteristics. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
b Missing family income data were imputed for 19%–31% of children ages 2–17 in 1997–2020. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
c Children with health insurance may or may not have dental coverage. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
d Children with both public and private insurance coverage are placed in the private insurance category. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
e Public health insurance for children consists mostly of Medicaid but also includes Medicare and the Children's Health Insurance Program. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
f For the 1997–1998 race-specific estimates, the 1977 U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards for data on race and ethnicity were used to classify persons into one of the following four racial groups: White, Black, American Indian or Alaskan Native, or Asian or Pacific Islander. The revised 1997 OMB standards were used for the 1999–2014 race-specific estimates and classified persons into one or more of five racial groups: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. From 1999 onward, respondents could choose more than one race. Those reporting more than one race were classified as "Two or more races." Data on race and Hispanic origin are collected separately but are combined for reporting. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Included in the total but not shown separately are persons of Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander origin. Data from 1999 onward are not directly comparable with data from earlier years. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
NOTE: From 1997–2000, children were identified as having a dental visit in the past year by asking parents, "About how long has it been since [child's name] last saw or talked to a dentist?" From 2001–2018, children were identified as having a dental visit in the past year by asking parents, "About how long has it been since [child's name] last saw a dentist?" Parents were directed to include all types of dentists, such as orthodontists, oral surgeons, and all other dental specialists, as well as dental hygienists. Starting in 2019, children are identified as having a dental visit in the past year by asking parents, "About how long has it been since [child's name] last had a dental examination or cleaning? Parents are directed to include cleanings from all types of dental care providers, such as dentists, orthodontists, oral surgeons, dental hygienists, and all other specialists. In 2019, the NHIS questionnaire was redesigned, and other changes were made to weighting and design methodology. Although the wording of the question identifying dental visits in the past year changed slightly in 2019, this change did not impact the measurement of dental visits. However, data for 2019 onward have not been fully evaluated for comparability with earlier years. Questions about dental care are on a rotating core scheduled to appear on the questionnaire for two consecutive years every three years starting in 2019. For more information on the 2019 NHIS redesign, see: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/2019_quest_redesign.htm. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey. |