HC2 Usual source of health care: Percentage of children ages 0–17 with no usual source of health care by age, type of health insurance, and poverty status, 1993–2019
HC2 Excel Table
HC2 Standard Error Excel Table
| Characteristic | 1993a | 1994a | 1995a | 1996a | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ages 0–17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 8.0 | 7.4 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 2.9 |
| Type of insurance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private insurancec | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 1.6 |
| Public insurancec, d | 10.8 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.3 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 2.8 |
| No insurance | 24.3 | 23.2 | 22.5 | 23.1 | 27.6 | 28.0 | 28.5 | 29.7 | 28.0 | 29.6 | 28.8 | 28.9 | 31.6 | 29.7 | 32.2 | 30.2 | 28.6 | 28.9 | 27.8 | 29.1 | 24.7 | 27.2 | 28.6 | 27.3 | 27.1 | 25.4 | 17.6 |
| Poverty statuse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Below 100% poverty | 15.7 | 12.0 | 10.9 | 10.5 | 12.5 | 11.6 | 13.6 | 12.4 | 12.3 | 11.0 | 10.3 | 10.9 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 9.6 | 8.2 | 8.9 | 7.7 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 4.4 |
| 100%–199% poverty | 9.1 | 10.6 | 8.6 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 10.9 | 8.6 | 9.0 | 7.9 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 8.4 | 8.9 | 10.0 | 6.7 | 8.3 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 4.4 |
| 200% poverty and above | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 1.9 |
| Ages 0–5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 5.5 | 4.9 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 3.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 2.5 |
| Type of insurance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private insurancec | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.2 |
| Public insurancec, d | 7.6 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 5.0 | 2.9 |
| No insurance | 19.4 | 17.3 | 17.3 | 18.2 | 17.3 | 20.9 | 22.1 | 19.6 | 22.2 | 27.8 | 22.6 | 17.1 | 22.8 | 23.5 | 22.2 | 21.6 | 23.2 | 19.8 | 19.1 | 21.1 | 19.0 | 22.0 | 18.1 | 25.9 | 17.3 | 17.3 | 15.2 |
| Poverty statuse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Below 100% poverty | 11.2 | 7.7 | 7.9 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 6.9 | 8.4 | 8.1 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 5.0 | 6.1 | 4.9 | 7.0 | 7.8 | 5.5 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.2 | 6.3 | 5.6 | 6.9 | 3.0 |
| 100%–199% poverty | 6.2 | 7.2 | 6.0 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 7.9 | 6.5 | 7.4 | 5.8 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 3.6 | 2.8 | 4.2 | 3.0 | 4.3 | 5.5 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 4.0 |
| 200% poverty and above | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.7 | 1.7 |
| Ages 6–17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 9.4 | 8.7 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 8.1 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 4.8 | 5.0 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 3.0 |
| Type of insurance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private insurancec | 4.9 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 1.7 |
| Public insurancec, d | 13.8 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 8.1 | 6.1 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 5.9 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 2.8 |
| No insurance | 26.5 | 26.0 | 24.8 | 25.2 | 32.1 | 31.1 | 31.1 | 34.5 | 30.3 | 30.3 | 30.9 | 33.5 | 34.7 | 31.9 | 35.5 | 34.0 | 30.5 | 32.6 | 30.4 | 31.6 | 26.7 | 29.0 | 31.9 | 27.8 | 29.9 | 27.8 | 18.6 |
| Poverty statuse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Below 100% poverty | 18.7 | 14.9 | 12.8 | 13.0 | 15.3 | 14.0 | 16.6 | 15.6 | 14.4 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 13.5 | 10.8 | 10.1 | 12.8 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 9.1 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 8.9 | 8.7 | 5.1 |
| 100%–199% poverty | 10.8 | 12.4 | 10.0 | 10.9 | 11.9 | 11.7 | 11.7 | 12.5 | 9.7 | 9.8 | 9.1 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 9.7 | 10.9 | 12.4 | 7.8 | 10.2 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 4.6 |
| 200% poverty and above | 4.8 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 3.5 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.6 | 3.4 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 2.0 |
| a In 1997, the National Health Interview Survey was redesigned. Data for 1997–2018 are not strictly comparable with prior years of data. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| b In 2019, the NHIS questionnaire was redesigned. Due to the changes to the survey design and the specific question on usual source of care, data for 2019 are not comparable with data for earlier years. For more information on the 2019 NHIS redesign, see https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/EReval202009-508.pdf. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c Children with both public and private insurance coverage are placed in the private insurance category. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| d As defined here, public health insurance for children consists mostly of Medicaid or other public assistance programs, including state plans. Beginning in 1999, the public health insurance category also includes the Children's Health Insurance Program. It does not include children with only Medicare, Tricare, or the Civilian Health and Medical Program of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| e Starting with America's Children, 2008, imputed family income was used for data years 1993 and beyond. Missing family income data were imputed for approximately 16%–30% of children ages 0–17 in 1993–2019. Therefore, estimates by poverty for 1993–2006 may differ from those in previous editions. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Before 2019, usual source of health care was based on the following question: "Is there a place that [child's name] USUALLY goes when [he/she] is sick or needs advice about [his/her] health?" A follow-up question specified that these places may be a doctor's office or health maintenance organization, a clinic or health center, a hospital outpatient department, or some other place. Emergency rooms as a usual source of health care were excluded. Starting in 2019, usual source of health care is based on the following question: "Is there a place that [sample child's name] USUALLY goes to if [he is/she is/they are] sick and needs health care?" A hospital emergency room is now considered a usual source of health care and urgent care center has been added as a usual source of health care. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||