Special1a: Vaccination: Influenza: Percentage of women ages 18–49 pregnant during the influenza season (August–March) who received an influenza vaccination before or during pregnancya overall and by selected characteristics, 2012–2022b

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Characteristic 2012–2013 2013–2014 2014–2015 2015–2016 2016–2017 2017–2018 2018–2019 2019–2020 2020–2021 2021–2022
Total 40.2 45.6 43.9 51.8 54.9 39.8 52.1 53.3 47.5 44.5
Age
Ages 18–24 35.2 42.3 36.3 44.3 72.4 39.4 43.6 36.9 30.8 ‡
Ages 25–34 40.7 47.8 45.5 58.0 51.5 41.3 52.1 60.5 54.5 52.1
Ages 35–49 50.2 44.3 63.5 45.2 34.2 32.8 59.5 48.5 53.5 40.0
Race and Hispanic originc
White, non-Hispanic 44.4 48.8 48.3 64.3 52.0 47.1 56.3 55.7 43.5 46.6
Black, non-Hispanic 31.0 ‡ 36.2 33.0 67.4 23.8 40.7 ‡ 42.4 ‡
Hispanic 33.1 41.1 36.4 38.8 45.2 45.7 37.6 60.4 76.9 50.1
Other, non-Hispanic 56.9 41.6 ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ 72.5 60.6 51.1 63.1
Educationd
High school diploma or less 30.9 32.5 37.3 46.4 59.1 22.5 46.7 34.6 31.6 39.0
Some college, no degree 35.2 49.0 42.9 40.2 45.1 40.0 42.7 46.3 55.3 ‡
College degree (2 or 4 year degree) 51.9 55.0 49.0 59.8 50.5 51.0 55.2 59.5 53.2 51.8
More than a college degree 49.2 55.4 60.0 61.4 65.3 56.8 78.1 80.7 60.9 78.2
Type of health insurancee
Private or military insurance 53.3 51.7 50.1 66.8 58.6 49.7 59.5 60.5 54.5 55.3
Any public insurance 29.1 38.9 33.8 41.2 54.3 24.9 43.2 38.3 41.4 30.1
MSAf
Nonmetropolitan — — — — — — 67.5 48.8 30.5 43.3
Metropolitan — — — — — — 50.0 54.3 49.6 44.6
— Not Available
‡ Reporting standards not met; estimates are considered unreliable.
a Since 2012, the National Health Interview Survey can identify women ages 18–49 who were pregnant anytime during August through March of an influenza season, whether they received an influenza vaccination during this influenza season, and whether it was before or during their pregnancy.
b Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to calculate cumulative influenza vaccination coverage before and during pregnancy among women pregnant anytime during August–March for each influenza season from 2012 though 2022. National Health Interview Survey data collected during August–July across two survey years were used to assess influenza vaccination coverage during July–March. For example, to calculate the percent vaccinated during the 2012–2013 influenza season, interview data collected during August 2012–July 2013 were analyzed, and respondents pregnant anytime during August 2012–March 2013 were included in the analysis; respondents who reported receiving an influenza vaccination during July 2012-March 2013 (before or during pregnancy) were considered vaccinated, with the cumulative estimate through March 2013 being reported. The influenza questions were changed in 2016. As a result, data for 2016 onward are not strictly comparable with earlier data. In 2019, the NHIS questionnaire was redesigned, and other changes were made to weighting and design methodology. Therefore, data for 2019 onward are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years. An exception for combining data across the redesign was made for the influenza vaccination data because the influenza season runs from July to March. For more information on the 2019 NHIS redesign, see https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/about/2019-questionnaire-redesign.html.
c The revised 1997 U.S. Office of Management and Budget standards on race and ethnicity were used to classify persons into one of the following five racial groups: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Those reporting more than one race were classified as "Two or more races." Data on race and Hispanic origin are collected separately but combined for reporting. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Included as "Other, non-Hispanic" but not shown separately due to the sample sample size are American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and "Two or more races." Fluctuations in influenza vaccination coverage observed by race and Hispanic origin may be due to small sample sizes in certain groups.
d High school graduate or less education includes women with no education or any education through high school graduation as well as GED or equivalent. Some college includes women who have taken some college-level classes after high school but have not yet earned a college degree. College degree includes women who have completed an associate degree or a bachelor's degree. More than a college degree includes women who have earned a master's degree, a professional school degree, or a doctoral degree.
e Public health insurance includes women covered by Medicaid, Medicare, or a state-sponsored or other government-sponsored health plan. Private or military health insurance includes women who do not have public coverage but who have a military plan or any comprehensive private insurance plan (including health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations). These plans include those obtained through an employer, purchased directly, purchased through local or community programs, or purchased through the Health Insurance Marketplace or a state-based exchange. This classification of military plans differs from how the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) recommends. NCHS classified military plans as public insurance.
f The 2013 National Center for Health Statistics Urban-Rural Classification Scheme for Counties was used to classify women as living in a metropolitan area or a nonmetropolitan area. Nonmetropolitan residence includes women living in nonmetropolitan counties (or county equivalents). Nonmetroplitan counties include those in micropolitan statistical areas and non-core areas. Metropolitan residence includes women living in counties (or county equivalents) in metropolitan statistical areas (MSA). The National Health Interview Survey included these data beginning in 2019. Therefore, analysis by MSA for the 2018–2019 season only includes data from January 2019 through July 2019, and estimates by MSA are not available prior to the 2018–2019 influenza season.
SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey.

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