HC1 Health insurance coverage: Percentage of children ages 0–17 by health insurance coverage status at time of interview and selected characteristics, 1993–2021
HC1 Excel Table
HC1 Standard Error Excel Table
| Characteristic | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020a | 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uninsuredb | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 13.6 | 14.6 | 13.0 | 12.7 | 14.0 | 12.7 | 11.9 | 12.4 | 11.0 | 10.7 | 9.8 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 7.8 | 7.0 | 6.6 | 6.6 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.1 |
| Gender | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 13.8 | 14.5 | 12.8 | 12.8 | 13.8 | 12.7 | 11.9 | 12.3 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.7 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 3.7 |
| Female | 13.4 | 14.7 | 13.3 | 12.7 | 14.1 | 12.7 | 11.8 | 12.5 | 11.0 | 10.5 | 10.1 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 8.2 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 4.4 |
| Age | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ages 0–5 | 12.4 | 13.2 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 12.5 | 11.5 | 11.0 | 11.7 | 9.7 | 9.1 | 8.2 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 3.5 |
| Ages 6–11 | 13.8 | 14.8 | 12.8 | 12.9 | 14.2 | 12.8 | 12.1 | 12.3 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 9.7 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 8.8 | 9.0 | 7.9 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 4.0 |
| Ages 12–17 | 14.8 | 16.0 | 14.9 | 13.9 | 15.2 | 13.9 | 12.5 | 13.3 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 11.4 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 10.6 | 10.1 | 9.8 | 9.0 | 8.7 | 8.9 | 6.9 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 4.7 |
| Race and Hispanic originc | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 11.0 | 12.0 | 10.4 | 10.0 | 10.7 | 8.9 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 2.6 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 14.7 | 13.5 | 12.6 | 13.0 | 13.8 | 14.0 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 10.6 | 10.0 | 8.9 | 6.9 | 8.9 | 7.8 | 6.2 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 3.3 | 4.9 | 3.5 |
| Hispanic | 25.3 | 25.3 | 24.2 | 23.4 | 26.7 | 26.2 | 26.7 | 25.8 | 24.6 | 21.9 | 20.2 | 19.5 | 17.5 | 19.4 | 15.3 | 16.8 | 14.7 | 13.0 | 12.3 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 9.7 | 8.0 | 8.8 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 7.7 |
| Regiond | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northeast | 9.9 | 10.6 | 10.2 | 10.2 | 8.9 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.0 | 5.8 | 7.4 | 5.1 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 4.2 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 1.4 |
| South | 18.7 | 18.9 | 17.1 | 16.4 | 18.0 | 16.3 | 15.8 | 16.1 | 14.1 | 13.1 | 12.1 | 11.5 | 12.5 | 12.7 | 11.4 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 9.7 | 8.1 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 7.1 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 6.3 |
| Midwest | 8.4 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 8.8 | 10.0 | 8.4 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 8.2 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 3.2 |
| West | 14.8 | 17.6 | 13.7 | 13.8 | 16.4 | 16.6 | 14.0 | 15.9 | 14.4 | 13.6 | 13.1 | 10.9 | 10.0 | 11.6 | 10.4 | 9.5 | 8.6 | 9.9 | 9.7 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 3.4 | 2.9 |
| Private health insurancee | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 66.3 | 63.5 | 65.5 | 66.5 | 66.1 | 68.4 | 68.8 | 67.0 | 66.7 | 63.9 | 63.0 | 63.2 | 62.1 | 59.4 | 59.8 | 58.4 | 55.8 | 54.1 | 53.7 | 53.4 | 53.2 | 53.7 | 54.6 | 54.3 | 55.2 | 54.9 | 55.6 | 55.1 | 55.0 |
| Gender | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 66.3 | 63.7 | 66.2 | 66.7 | 66.3 | 68.2 | 69.0 | 67.7 | 67.0 | 63.6 | 63.4 | 63.7 | 62.3 | 59.3 | 59.8 | 58.1 | 56.2 | 54.0 | 53.6 | 54.1 | 53.3 | 53.8 | 54.1 | 54.5 | 55.0 | 55.3 | 55.0 | 54.8 | 54.0 |
| Female | 66.3 | 63.3 | 64.8 | 66.4 | 65.9 | 68.5 | 68.7 | 66.2 | 66.4 | 64.1 | 62.5 | 62.7 | 61.9 | 59.4 | 59.8 | 58.8 | 55.4 | 54.2 | 53.8 | 52.7 | 53.0 | 53.6 | 55.1 | 54.2 | 55.5 | 54.5 | 56.2 | 55.3 | 56.1 |
| Age | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ages 0–5 | 60.3 | 57.8 | 59.7 | 61.0 | 61.3 | 64.7 | 64.7 | 63.1 | 63.4 | 60.7 | 58.2 | 58.1 | 56.6 | 54.7 | 54.1 | 53.2 | 50.1 | 48.3 | 47.8 | 48.4 | 47.3 | 50.2 | 51.0 | 51.0 | 52.4 | 51.9 | 52.3 | 51.9 | 52.3 |
| Ages 6–11 | 68.0 | 64.9 | 66.8 | 67.7 | 66.2 | 68.8 | 69.0 | 67.5 | 66.8 | 64.1 | 63.2 | 63.4 | 62.1 | 59.5 | 61.0 | 58.7 | 57.0 | 54.7 | 54.2 | 53.6 | 53.6 | 53.1 | 53.6 | 53.6 | 54.3 | 54.3 | 55.4 | 56.1 | 55.9 |
| Ages 12–17 | 71.2 | 68.4 | 70.6 | 71.1 | 71.0 | 71.7 | 72.8 | 70.3 | 69.7 | 66.8 | 67.4 | 67.7 | 67.2 | 63.8 | 64.2 | 63.5 | 60.7 | 59.7 | 59.4 | 58.0 | 58.3 | 57.6 | 58.9 | 58.2 | 58.8 | 58.4 | 58.8 | 56.9 | 56.6 |
| Race and Hispanic originc | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 76.9 | 74.5 | 76.5 | 77.4 | 76.9 | 79.1 | 79.7 | 77.7 | 78.2 | 75.6 | 75.7 | 76.3 | 75.0 | 72.4 | 73.8 | 72.8 | 70.5 | 69.1 | 68.6 | 68.5 | 68.8 | 68.2 | 68.9 | 68.3 | 69.0 | 68.7 | 69.4 | 69.2 | 70.0 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 42.2 | 39.9 | 43.3 | 46.0 | 46.1 | 47.1 | 49.1 | 47.6 | 48.3 | 45.0 | 46.2 | 45.5 | 42.3 | 41.4 | 41.3 | 38.4 | 36.3 | 34.5 | 35.1 | 33.3 | 33.6 | 34.3 | 35.6 | 34.9 | 36.3 | 37.7 | 35.7 | 31.0 | 34.6 |
| Hispanic | 43.3 | 41.7 | 40.1 | 40.9 | 42.0 | 45.3 | 44.7 | 44.6 | 41.1 | 38.9 | 36.3 | 36.1 | 36.8 | 34.2 | 35.3 | 33.4 | 30.5 | 29.2 | 29.1 | 29.5 | 28.2 | 31.4 | 32.2 | 33.2 | 34.8 | 34.4 | 35.5 | 37.1 | 33.1 |
| Regiond | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northeast | 72.2 | 69.9 | 70.3 | 70.8 | 71.0 | 74.2 | 74.3 | 72.3 | 73.2 | 69.4 | 70.5 | 70.2 | 69.6 | 64.3 | 67.1 | 65.8 | 64.7 | 61.4 | 59.3 | 60.6 | 58.7 | 57.8 | 61.2 | 59.0 | 62.3 | 61.8 | 61.3 | 58.3 | 62.6 |
| South | 60.5 | 57.0 | 59.9 | 60.0 | 61.2 | 63.1 | 62.7 | 60.9 | 60.5 | 57.4 | 56.4 | 57.1 | 54.5 | 53.3 | 54.3 | 53.2 | 50.0 | 48.8 | 49.4 | 47.3 | 47.2 | 47.9 | 49.0 | 48.2 | 48.3 | 48.4 | 48.4 | 47.0 | 46.3 |
| Midwest | 72.9 | 72.4 | 72.5 | 75.5 | 73.9 | 76.5 | 77.7 | 75.8 | 74.1 | 72.8 | 71.2 | 71.8 | 69.2 | 66.4 | 65.5 | 63.4 | 60.7 | 60.4 | 60.9 | 61.7 | 62.2 | 60.1 | 61.1 | 62.2 | 62.1 | 62.3 | 65.2 | 64.4 | 64.3 |
| West | 62.9 | 58.1 | 62.4 | 62.7 | 60.6 | 62.3 | 64.2 | 62.3 | 63.5 | 60.0 | 59.5 | 58.5 | 60.6 | 58.2 | 57.6 | 56.2 | 53.6 | 51.4 | 49.5 | 50.0 | 50.5 | 54.5 | 52.8 | 53.3 | 54.7 | 54.5 | 54.9 | 57.6 | 56.3 |
| Public health insurancef | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 18.2 | 19.8 | 19.6 | 19.0 | 17.4 | 16.3 | 17.1 | 18.4 | 20.4 | 23.5 | 25.1 | 25.4 | 26.3 | 28.8 | 28.6 | 30.1 | 33.1 | 35.2 | 37.0 | 37.6 | 37.7 | 38.1 | 38.7 | 37.8 | 36.7 | 36.6 | 36.4 | 36.5 | 37.9 |
| Gender | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 18.1 | 19.7 | 19.3 | 18.7 | 17.4 | 16.4 | 17.0 | 17.7 | 20.1 | 23.6 | 25.0 | 25.1 | 26.3 | 28.7 | 28.6 | 30.6 | 32.7 | 35.2 | 37.2 | 36.9 | 37.4 | 37.9 | 39.2 | 37.9 | 36.4 | 36.5 | 36.7 | 36.4 | 39.4 |
| Female | 18.3 | 20.0 | 19.9 | 19.2 | 17.5 | 16.3 | 17.3 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 23.3 | 25.2 | 25.7 | 26.4 | 29.0 | 28.6 | 29.6 | 33.5 | 35.2 | 36.9 | 38.3 | 38.0 | 38.3 | 38.1 | 37.8 | 36.9 | 36.7 | 36.0 | 36.6 | 36.3 |
| Age | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ages 0–5 | 25.1 | 26.7 | 26.7 | 25.7 | 23.4 | 21.4 | 22.2 | 23.1 | 24.6 | 28.2 | 31.3 | 31.3 | 33.0 | 35.3 | 35.4 | 36.6 | 40.2 | 42.3 | 45.1 | 44.4 | 44.5 | 42.6 | 43.0 | 42.1 | 40.6 | 40.6 | 40.1 | 40.8 | 41.3 |
| Ages 6–11 | 16.7 | 18.6 | 18.6 | 17.7 | 17.2 | 15.9 | 16.6 | 18.1 | 20.2 | 23.0 | 24.9 | 25.1 | 26.3 | 28.6 | 27.5 | 30.0 | 32.5 | 35.3 | 36.5 | 37.7 | 38.1 | 39.0 | 40.2 | 38.8 | 37.1 | 36.9 | 36.1 | 34.8 | 37.4 |
| Ages 12–17 | 12.1 | 13.5 | 13.0 | 13.2 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 12.6 | 14.2 | 16.3 | 19.3 | 19.3 | 20.2 | 19.9 | 22.9 | 23.0 | 23.7 | 26.3 | 27.6 | 29.2 | 30.7 | 30.6 | 33.0 | 32.9 | 32.8 | 32.6 | 32.3 | 33.1 | 34.2 | 35.2 |
| Race and Hispanic originc | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 10.1 | 11.3 | 11.4 | 11.0 | 10.1 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 11.5 | 12.7 | 15.0 | 15.8 | 15.4 | 16.4 | 19.4 | 16.4 | 18.1 | 20.6 | 22.2 | 24.5 | 24.0 | 23.7 | 24.8 | 25.1 | 24.9 | 23.8 | 23.7 | 22.8 | 24.0 | 24.2 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 41.5 | 44.6 | 42.0 | 38.4 | 37.1 | 35.0 | 35.4 | 37.3 | 38.8 | 42.3 | 42.7 | 44.5 | 45.3 | 47.0 | 49.3 | 50.9 | 53.9 | 56.0 | 56.5 | 59.4 | 58.8 | 59.2 | 58.6 | 58.0 | 56.1 | 54.6 | 58.7 | 59.6 | 58.7 |
| Hispanic | 30.0 | 31.6 | 34.0 | 34.2 | 29.2 | 26.6 | 27.0 | 28.0 | 32.9 | 38.2 | 41.7 | 42.8 | 43.8 | 44.4 | 47.9 | 47.7 | 52.6 | 55.5 | 56.6 | 57.5 | 58.2 | 56.5 | 58.5 | 56.2 | 55.1 | 55.2 | 54.8 | 52.2 | 56.6 |
| Regiond | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Northeast | 17.4 | 18.9 | 19.1 | 18.7 | 19.0 | 16.7 | 17.7 | 19.9 | 20.4 | 22.4 | 23.5 | 23.2 | 23.4 | 30.2 | 26.6 | 27.6 | 29.8 | 33.5 | 36.1 | 34.3 | 36.7 | 37.3 | 35.3 | 35.3 | 33.4 | 33.3 | 34.4 | 36.1 | 34.0 |
| South | 18.1 | 20.5 | 19.9 | 20.5 | 16.9 | 16.7 | 18.0 | 19.5 | 22.7 | 26.2 | 28.5 | 28.3 | 29.3 | 30.1 | 30.0 | 32.1 | 34.7 | 37.3 | 39.6 | 41.4 | 41.3 | 41.4 | 41.7 | 41.9 | 41.3 | 40.8 | 41.1 | 41.3 | 43.6 |
| Midwest | 18.3 | 18.0 | 17.8 | 15.2 | 14.7 | 14.0 | 13.5 | 14.9 | 17.1 | 19.4 | 21.3 | 20.4 | 23.2 | 26.6 | 26.9 | 27.1 | 31.3 | 33.0 | 32.6 | 31.4 | 31.4 | 34.4 | 34.6 | 32.0 | 31.3 | 30.8 | 28.2 | 29.2 | 30.0 |
| West | 19.0 | 21.5 | 21.5 | 20.9 | 20.2 | 18.3 | 19.3 | 19.3 | 20.0 | 24.3 | 24.8 | 27.7 | 27.1 | 28.0 | 29.5 | 32.0 | 34.7 | 35.4 | 38.1 | 39.7 | 38.3 | 36.9 | 40.0 | 38.6 | 36.8 | 36.9 | 37.4 | 35.6 | 37.9 |
| a Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection for the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) switched to a telephone-only mode beginning on March 19, 2020. Personal visits (with telephone attempts first) resumed in all areas in September 2020. Response rates were lower and respondent characteristics were different in April–December 2020. Differences observed in estimates between April–December 2020 and other time periods may have been impacted by these differences in respondent characteristics. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| b A child was considered uninsured if he or she did not have any private health insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), state-sponsored or other government-sponsored health plan, or military plan. A child also was defined as uninsured if he or she had only Indian Health Service coverage or had only a private plan that paid for one type of service such as accidents or dental care. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c Respondents are asked whether they are of Hispanic origin and about their race separately. Information from these two sources is used to create a four-category race/ethnicity indicator, which distinguishes between "White, non-Hispanic," "Black, non-Hispanic," "Other, non-Hispanic," and "Hispanic" children. For this report, estimates for children who are "Other, non-Hispanic" are not shown separately but are included in the total. For 1993–1996, race is based on the main race of the child following the 1977 U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards for collecting and presenting data on race. From 1997 onward, estimates are presented for children for whom a single race was indicated; following the 1997 OMB standards for collecting and presenting data on race, the NHIS asked respondents to choose one or more races from the following: White, Black or African American, Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. The use of the non-Hispanic population in this table does not imply that it is the preferred method of presenting or analyzing data. Data from 1997 onward are not directly comparable with data from earlier years. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| d Regions: Northeast includes CT, MA, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, and VT. South includes AL, AR, DC, DE, FL, GA, KY, LA, MD, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA, and WV. Midwest includes IA, IL, IN, KS, MI, MN, MO, ND, NE, OH, SD, and WI. West includes AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NM, NV, OR, UT, WA, and WY. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| e Private health insurance includes children covered by any comprehensive private insurance plan (including health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations). These plans include those obtained through an employer, purchased directly, purchased through local or community programs, or purchased through the Health Insurance Marketplace or a state-based exchange. Excludes plans that only paid for one type of service, such as accidents or dental care. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| f Public health insurance includes children who do not have private coverage, but who have Medicaid or other state-sponsored health plans, including CHIP. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: A small percentage of children have coverage other than private or public health insurance. They are not shown separately in the report, but they are included in the total. The health insurance categories presented in America's Children are mutually exclusive; therefore, estimates may vary from other published data that define the health insurance categories differently. In 1997, the NHIS was redesigned. Therefore, data for 1997–2018 are not strictly comparable with prior years of data. In 2019, the NHIS questionnaire was further redesigned, and other changes were made to weighting and design methodology. Data for 2019 onward have not been fully evaluated for comparability with earlier years. For more information on the 2019 NHIS redesign, see: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/2019_quest_redesign.htm. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection for NHIS switched to a telephone-only mode from March to September 2020. Response rates were lower and respondent characteristics were different in April–December 2020 which may affect estimates. For more information see https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/2020nhisdata.htm. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||