ED2.C Mathematics and reading achievement: Average reading scale scores of 4th, 8th, and 12th graders by child and family characteristics, selected years 1992–2022

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Characteristic 1992a 1994a 1998a 1998 2000 2002 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022
4th graders
Total 217 214 217 215 213 219 218 219 221 221 221 222 223 222 220 217
Gender
Male 213 209 214 212 208 215 215 216 218 218 218 219 219 219 217 214
Female 221 220 220 217 219 222 222 222 224 224 225 225 226 225 224 221
Race and Hispanic originb
White, non-Hispanic 224 224 226 225 224 229 229 229 231 230 231 232 232 232 230 227
Black, non-Hispanic 192 185 193 193 190 199 198 200 203 205 205 206 206 206 204 199
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic ‡ 211 ‡ ‡ 214 207 202 204 203 204 202 205 205 202 204 197
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic 216 220 221 215 225 224 226 229 232 235 235 235 239 239 237 239
Asian, non-Hispanicc — — — — — — — — — — 236 237 241 241 239 241
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanicc — — — — — — — — — — 216 212 215 212 212 207
Hispanic 197 188 195 193 190 201 200 203 205 205 206 207 208 209 209 205
8th graders
Total 260 260 264 263 — 264 263 262 263 264 265 268 265 267 263 260
Gender
Male 254 252 257 256 — 260 258 257 258 259 261 263 261 262 258 256
Female 267 267 270 270 — 269 269 267 268 269 270 273 270 272 269 265
Race and Hispanic originb
White, non-Hispanic 267 267 271 270 — 272 272 271 272 273 274 276 274 275 272 268
Black, non-Hispanic 237 236 243 244 — 245 244 243 245 246 249 250 248 249 244 244
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic ‡ 248 ‡ ‡ — 250 246 249 247 251 252 251 252 253 248 246
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic 268 265 267 264 — 267 270 271 271 274 275 280 280 282 281 281
Asian, non-Hispanicc — — — — — — — — — — 277 282 281 284 284 283
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanicc — — — — — — — — — — 254 259 255 255 252 254
Hispanic 241 243 245 243 — 247 245 246 247 249 252 256 253 255 252 251
Parents' educationd
Less than high school 243 238 243 242 — 248 245 244 245 248 248 251 249 250 248 247
High school diploma or equivalent 251 252 254 254 — 257 254 252 253 254 254 255 253 254 250 247
Some education after high school 265 266 269 268 — 268 267 265 266 267 267 270 267 267 265 260
Bachelor's degree or higher 271 270 274 273 — 274 273 272 273 274 275 278 276 276 273 271
12th graders
Total 292 287 291 290 — 287 — 286 — 288 — 288 287 — 285 —
Gender
Male 287 280 283 282 — 279 — 279 — 282 — 284 282 — 279 —
Female 297 294 298 298 — 295 — 292 — 294 — 293 292 — 292 —
Race and Hispanic originb
White, non-Hispanic 297 293 297 297 — 292 — 293 — 296 — 297 295 — 295 —
Black, non-Hispanic 273 265 271 269 — 267 — 267 — 269 — 268 266 — 263 —
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic ‡ 274 ‡ ‡ — ‡ — 279 — 283 — 277 279 — 272 —
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic 290 278 288 287 — 286 — 287 — 298 — 296 297 — 299 —
Asian, non-Hispanicc — — — — — — — — — — — 296 297 — 299 —
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanicc — — — — — — — — — — — 289 ‡ — 278 —
Hispanic 279 270 276 275 — 273 — 272 — 274 — 276 276 — 274 —
Parents' educationd
Less than high school 275 266 268 268 — 268 — 268 — 269 — 270 268 — 269 —
High school diploma or equivalent 283 277 280 279 — 278 — 274 — 276 — 276 273 — 271 —
Some education after high school 294 289 292 291 — 289 — 287 — 287 — 288 287 — 284 —
Bachelor's degree or higher 301 298 301 300 — 296 — 297 — 299 — 299 298 — 297 —
— Not available.
‡ Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50% or greater.
a Testing accommodations (e.g., extended time, small-group testing) for children with disabilities and limited-English-proficient students were not permitted.
b For data before 2003, the 1977 U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards for data on race and ethnicity were used to classify persons into one of the following four racial groups: White, Black, American Indian or Alaskan Native, or Asian or Pacific Islander. The revised 1997 OMB standards were used for data from 2003 and later years. Under these standards, persons could select one or more of five racial groups: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Those reporting more than one race were classified as "Two or more races." For 2003 and after, when separate reporting was possible, respondents who reported being Asian or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander were combined for continuity purposes. Also, beginning in 2003, those in a given racial category represent those reporting only that race. Data from 2003 onward are not directly comparable with data from earlier years. Included in the total but not shown separately are respondents who selected two or more races. Data on race and Hispanic origin are collected separately. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
c For assessment years prior to 2011, separate data for Asians and Native Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders were not collected.
d Parents' education is the highest educational attainment of either parent. Data on parents' education are not reliable for 4th graders.
NOTE: In 2000, the assessment was conducted at Grade 4 only. In 2003, 2007, 2011, 2017, and 2022 the assessment was conducted at Grades 4 and 8 only. The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reading assessment scale is a composite combining separately estimated scales for each type of reading (literacy and informational) specified by the reading framework. The scale ranges from 0 to 500.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress.

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