ED2.A/B Mathematics and reading achievement: Average mathematics scale scores of 4th, 8th, and 12th graders by child and family characteristics, selected years 1990–2019
ED2AB Excel Table
ED2AB Standard Error Excel Table
Characteristic | 1990a | 1992a | 1996a | 1996 | 2000 | 2003 | 2005 | 2007 | 2009 | 2011 | 2013 | 2015 | 2017 | 2019 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4th-graders | ||||||||||||||
Total | 213 | 220 | 224 | 224 | 226 | 235 | 238 | 240 | 240 | 241 | 242 | 240 | 240 | 241 |
Gender | ||||||||||||||
Male | 214 | 221 | 226 | 224 | 227 | 236 | 239 | 241 | 241 | 241 | 242 | 241 | 241 | 242 |
Female | 213 | 219 | 222 | 223 | 224 | 233 | 237 | 239 | 239 | 240 | 241 | 239 | 239 | 239 |
Race and Hispanic originb | ||||||||||||||
White, non-Hispanic | 220 | 227 | 231 | 232 | 234 | 243 | 246 | 248 | 248 | 249 | 250 | 248 | 248 | 249 |
Black, non-Hispanic | 188 | 193 | 199 | 198 | 203 | 216 | 220 | 222 | 222 | 224 | 224 | 224 | 223 | 224 |
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | 217 | 208 | 223 | 226 | 228 | 225 | 225 | 227 | 227 | 227 | 227 |
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic | 225 | 231 | 226 | 229 | ‡ | 246 | 251 | 253 | 255 | 256 | 258 | 257 | 258 | 260 |
Asian, non-Hispanicc | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 257 | 259 | 259 | 260 | 263 |
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanicc | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 236 | 236 | 231 | 229 | 226 |
Hispanic | 200 | 202 | 205 | 207 | 208 | 222 | 226 | 227 | 227 | 229 | 231 | 230 | 229 | 231 |
8th-graders | ||||||||||||||
Total | 263 | 268 | 272 | 270 | 273 | 278 | 279 | 281 | 283 | 284 | 285 | 282 | 283 | 282 |
Gender | ||||||||||||||
Male | 263 | 268 | 272 | 271 | 274 | 278 | 280 | 282 | 284 | 284 | 285 | 282 | 283 | 282 |
Female | 262 | 269 | 272 | 269 | 272 | 277 | 278 | 280 | 282 | 283 | 284 | 282 | 282 | 282 |
Race and Hispanic originb | ||||||||||||||
White, non-Hispanic | 270 | 277 | 281 | 281 | 284 | 288 | 289 | 291 | 293 | 293 | 294 | 292 | 293 | 292 |
Black, non-Hispanic | 237 | 237 | 242 | 240 | 244 | 252 | 255 | 260 | 261 | 262 | 263 | 260 | 260 | 260 |
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | 259 | 263 | 264 | 264 | 266 | 265 | 269 | 267 | 267 | 262 |
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic | 275 | 290 | ‡ | ‡ | 288 | 291 | 295 | 297 | 301 | 303 | 306 | 306 | 310 | 310 |
Asian, non-Hispanicc | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 305 | 309 | 307 | 312 | 313 |
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanicc | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 269 | 275 | 276 | 274 | 266 |
Hispanic | 246 | 249 | 251 | 251 | 253 | 259 | 262 | 265 | 266 | 270 | 272 | 270 | 269 | 268 |
Parents' educationd | ||||||||||||||
Less than high school | 242 | 249 | 254 | 250 | 253 | 257 | 259 | 263 | 265 | 265 | 267 | 265 | 265 | 264 |
High school diploma or equivalent | 255 | 257 | 261 | 260 | 261 | 267 | 267 | 270 | 270 | 271 | 270 | 268 | 267 | 265 |
Some education after high school | 267 | 271 | 279 | 277 | 277 | 280 | 280 | 283 | 284 | 285 | 285 | 282 | 281 | 280 |
Bachelor's degree or higher | 274 | 281 | 282 | 281 | 286 | 288 | 290 | 292 | 295 | 295 | 296 | 294 | 294 | 293 |
12th-graderse | ||||||||||||||
Total | 294f | 299f | 304f | 302f | 300f | — | 150 | — | 153 | — | 153 | 152 | — | 150 |
Gender | ||||||||||||||
Male | 297f | 301f | 305f | 303f | 302f | — | 151 | — | 155 | — | 155 | 153 | — | 152 |
Female | 291f | 298f | 303f | 300f | 299f | — | 149 | — | 152 | — | 152 | 150 | — | 149 |
Race and Hispanic originb | ||||||||||||||
White, non-Hispanic | 300f | 305f | 311f | 309f | 307f | — | 157 | — | 161 | — | 162 | 160 | — | 159 |
Black, non-Hispanic | 268f | 275f | 280f | 275f | 273f | — | 127 | — | 131 | — | 132 | 130 | — | 128 |
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic | ‡ | ‡ | 284f | ‡ | 294f | — | 134 | — | 144 | — | 142 | 138 | — | 136 |
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic | 311f | 312f | 312f | 305f | 315f | — | 163 | — | 175 | — | 172 | 170 | — | 173 |
Asian, non-Hispanicc | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 174 | 171 | — | 175 |
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanicc | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 151 | ‡ | — | 135 |
Hispanic | 276f | 286f | 287f | 284f | 282f | — | 133 | — | 138 | — | 141 | 139 | — | 138 |
Parents' educationd | ||||||||||||||
Less than high school | 272f | 278f | 282f | 280f | 278f | — | 130 | — | 135 | — | 137 | 133 | — | 133 |
High school diploma or equivalent | 283f | 288f | 294f | 290f | 287f | — | 138 | — | 142 | — | 139 | 139 | — | 136 |
Some education after high school | 297f | 299f | 302f | 302f | 299f | — | 148 | — | 150 | — | 152 | 149 | — | 147 |
Bachelor's degree or higher | 306f | 311f | 314f | 313f | 312f | — | 161 | — | 164 | — | 164 | 163 | — | 161 |
— Not available. | ||||||||||||||
‡ Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50% or greater. | ||||||||||||||
a Testing accommodations (e.g., extended time, small-group testing) for children with disabilities and limited-English-proficient students were not permitted. | ||||||||||||||
b For data before 2003, the 1977 U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards for data on race and ethnicity were used to classify persons into one of the following four racial groups: White, Black, American Indian or Alaskan Native, or Asian or Pacific Islander. The revised 1997 OMB standards were used for data from 2003 and later years. Under these standards, persons could select one or more of five racial groups: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Those reporting more than one race were classified as "Two or more races." For 2003 and after, when separate reporting was possible, respondents who reported being Asian or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander were combined for continuity purposes. Also, beginning in 2003, those in a given racial category represent those reporting only that race. Data from 2003 onward are not directly comparable with data from earlier years. Included in the total but not shown separately are respondents who selected two or more races. Data on race and Hispanic origin are collected separately. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. | ||||||||||||||
c For assessment years prior to 2011, separate data for Asians and Native Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders were not collected. | ||||||||||||||
d Parents' education is the highest educational attainment of either parent. Data on parents' education are not reliable for 4th graders. | ||||||||||||||
e In 2003, 2007, 2011, and 2017 the mathematics assessment was not conducted at Grade 12. | ||||||||||||||
f The National Assessment Governing Board introduced changes in the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) mathematics framework in both the assessment content and administration for assessments beginning in 2005. In addition, the results of the revised assessment are placed on a scale of 0 to 300, unlike previous assessments, which were placed on a scale of 0 to 500. Thus, the 12th-grade assessment results from prior to 2005 cannot be compared with those of 2005 and later assessments. | ||||||||||||||
NOTE: Results of the NAEP mathematics assessment are reported as a composite scale that combines the results of separately estimated scales for each of the content areas: (1) number properties and operations; (2) measurement; (3) geometry; (4) data analysis, statistics, and probability; and (5) algebra. (Note that measurement and geometry make up one of four content areas at Grade 12.) The scale ranges from 0 to 500 for Grades 4 and 8 and 0 to 300 for Grade 12. | ||||||||||||||
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress. |