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ED2.C Mathematics and reading achievement: Average reading scale scores of 4th-, 8th-, and 12th-graders by child and family characteristics, selected years 1992–2009

excel icon ED2C Excel Table

Characteristic 1992a 1994a 1998a 1998 2000 2002 2003 2005 2007 2009
4th-graders
Total 217 214 217 215 213 219 218 219 221 221
Gender
Male 213 209 214 212 208 215 215 216 218 218
Female 221 220 220 217 219 222 222 222 224 224
Race and Hispanic originb
White, non-Hispanic 224 224 226 225 224 229 229 229 231 230
Black, non-Hispanic 192 185 193 193 190 199 198 200 203 205
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic — 211 — — 214 207 202 204 203 204
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic 216 220 221 215 225 224 226 229 232 235
Hispanic 197 188 195 193 190 201 200 203 205 205
8th-graders
Total 260 260 264 263 — 264 263 262 263 264
Gender
Male 254 252 257 256 — 260 258 257 258 259
Female 267 267 270 270 — 269 269 267 268 269
Race and Hispanic originb
White, non-Hispanic 267 267 271 270 — 272 272 271 272 273
Black, non-Hispanic 237 236 243 244 — 245 244 243 245 246
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic — 248 — — — 250 246 249 247 251
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic 268 265 267 264 — 267 270 271 271 274
Hispanic 241 243 245 243 — 247 245 246 247 249
Parents’ education
Less than high school 243 238 243 242 — 248 245 244 245 248
High school diploma or equivalent 251 252 254 254 — 257 254 252 253 254
Some education after high school 265 266 269 268 — 268 267 265 266 267
Bachelor’s degree or higher 271 270 274 273 — 274 273 272 273 274
12th-graders
Total 292 287 291 290 — 287 — 286 — 288
Gender
Male 287 280 283 282 — 279 — 279 — 282
Female 297 294 298 298 — 295 — 292 — 294
Race and Hispanic originb
White, non-Hispanic 297 293 297 297 — 292 — 293 — 296
Black, non-Hispanic 273 265 271 269 — 267 — 267 — 269
American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic — 274 — — — — — 279 — 283
Asian or Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic 290 278 288 287 — 286 — 287 — 298
Hispanic 279 270 276 275 — 273 — 272 — 274
Parents’ education
Less than high school 275 266 268 268 — 268 — 268 — 269
High school diploma or equivalent 283 277 280 279 — 278 — 274 — 276
Some education after high school 294 289 292 291 — 289 — 287 — 287
Bachelor’s degree or higher 301 298 301 300 — 296 — 297 — 299
— Not available.
a Testing accommodations (e.g., extended time, small group testing) for children with disabilities and limited-English-proficient students were not permitted.
b For data before 2003, the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Standards for Data on Race and Ethnicity were used to classify persons into one of the following four racial groups: White, Black, American Indian or Alaskan Native, or Asian or Pacific Islander. The revised 1997 OMB standards were used for data from 2003 onward. Persons could select one or more of five racial groups: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Included in the total but not shown separately are respondents with “Two or more races.” Beginning in 2003, those in a given racial category represent those reporting only that race. Data from 2003 onward are not directly comparable with data from earlier years. For continuity purposes, respondents who reported being Asian or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander were combined. Data on race and Hispanic origin are collected separately. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
In 2000, the assessment was only conducted at grade 4. In 2003 and 2007, the assessment was only conducted at grades 4 and 8. Parents’ education is the highest educational attainment of either parent. Data on parents’ education are not reliable for 4th-graders.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Education Progress.