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ECON1.A Child poverty: Percentage of all children and related childrena ages 0–17 living below selected poverty levels by selected characteristics, 1980–2009

excel icon ECON1A Excel Table

Characteristic 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Below 100% poverty
All childrenb 18.3 20.0 21.9 22.3 21.5 20.7 20.5 20.3 19.5 19.6 20.6 21.8 22.3 22.7 21.8 20.8 20.5 19.9 18.9 17.1 16.2 16.3 16.7 17.6 17.8 17.6 17.4 18.0 19.0 20.7
Gender
Male 18.1 19.7 21.9 21.7 20.9 20.3 20.5 20.3 19.8 19.5 20.5 21.3 21.9 22.7 21.4 20.4 20.0 19.7 18.4 16.5 16.0 16.2 16.8 17.7 17.8 17.4 17.2 17.9 18.8 20.4
Female 18.6 20.4 21.9 22.8 22.1 21.1 20.4 20.3 19.3 19.8 20.8 22.2 22.8 22.7 22.2 21.2 20.9 20.0 19.4 17.5 16.3 16.4 16.6 17.6 17.8 17.8 17.6 18.1 19.2 21.0
Age
Ages 0–5 20.7 22.4 23.8 25.0 24.0 23.0 22.1 22.6 22.3 22.5 23.6 24.6 26.4 26.2 25.1 24.1 23.2 22.0 21.0 18.7 18.3 18.4 18.8 20.1 20.3 20.2 20.3 21.1 21.7 24.3
Ages 6–17 17.3 18.9 20.9 21.0 20.2 19.5 19.6 19.1 18.1 18.1 19.0 20.2 20.1 20.8 20.1 19.1 19.1 18.8 17.8 16.4 15.2 15.3 15.7 16.4 16.6 16.3 16.0 16.5 17.6 18.9
Race and Hispanic originc
White, non-Hispanic 11.8 12.9 14.4 14.8 13.7 12.8 13.0 11.8 11.0 11.5 12.3 13.1 13.2 13.6 12.5 11.2 11.1 11.4 10.6 9.4 9.1 9.5 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.4 9.8 10.5 10.0 10.0 10.1 10.6 11.9
Black 42.3 45.2 47.6 46.7 46.6 43.6 43.1 45.1 43.5 43.7 44.8 45.9 46.6 46.1 43.8 41.9 39.9 37.2 36.7 33.2 31.2 30.2 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 32.3 34.1 33.7 34.5 33.4 34.5 34.7 35.7
Hispanic 33.2 35.9 39.5 38.1 39.2 40.3 37.7 39.3 37.6 36.2 38.4 40.4 40.0 40.9 41.5 40.0 40.3 36.8 34.4 30.3 28.4 28.0 28.6 29.7 28.9 28.3 26.9 28.6 30.6 33.1
Regiond
Northeast 16.3 18.2 20.3 20.5 21.0 18.5 16.5 17.3 16.1 16.0 18.4 19.7 20.2 21.3 20.1 19.0 19.2 19.7 18.5 16.4 14.5 14.7 15.1 15.3 15.7 15.5 15.7 16.1 16.6 18.0
South 22.5 24.2 25.5 24.3 23.5 22.8 23.6 23.9 23.6 22.8 23.8 24.0 25.5 25.3 23.8 23.5 22.9 21.6 20.3 19.1 18.4 18.9 19.3 20.3 19.6 19.7 19.4 20.8 20.5 22.4
Midwest 16.3 17.2 19.5 21.2 20.9 20.7 19.6 18.5 16.4 18.2 18.8 19.8 19.7 19.6 19.1 16.9 15.5 15.2 15.1 13.9 13.1 13.3 13.4 14.9 16.8 15.9 16.3 16.6 18.7 19.6
West 16.1 18.5 20.5 22.3 19.4 19.3 19.9 19.0 19.5 19.5 19.8 22.2 22.1 23.2 23.1 22.1 22.9 22.1 21.0 18.1 16.9 16.0 17.1 17.8 17.5 17.5 16.6 16.3 18.6 21.0
Related childrena
Children in all families, total 17.9 19.5 21.3 21.8 21.0 20.1 19.8 19.7 19.0 19.0 19.9 21.1 21.6 22.0 21.2 20.2 19.8 19.2 18.3 16.6 15.6 15.8 16.3 17.2 17.3 17.1 16.9 17.6 18.5 20.1
Related children ages 0–5 20.3 22.0 23.3 24.6 23.4 22.6 21.6 22.1 21.8 21.9 23.0 24.0 25.7 25.6 24.5 23.7 22.7 21.6 20.6 18.4 17.8 18.2 18.5 19.8 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.8 21.3 23.8
Related children ages 6–17 16.8 18.4 20.3 20.2 19.7 18.8 18.8 18.3 17.4 17.4 18.2 19.5 19.4 20.1 19.5 18.3 18.3 18.0 17.1 15.7 14.5 14.6 15.2 15.9 16.0 15.7 15.4 16.0 17.1 18.2
White, non-Hispanic 11.3 12.4 13.8 14.4 13.1 12.3 12.2 11.2 10.5 10.9 11.6 12.4 12.4 12.8 11.8 10.6 10.4 10.7 10.0 8.8 8.5 8.9 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8.9 9.3 9.9 9.5 9.5 9.7 10.0 11.2
Black 42.1 44.9 47.3 46.2 46.2 43.1 42.7 44.4 42.8 43.2 44.2 45.6 46.3 45.9 43.3 41.5 39.5 36.8 36.4 32.8 30.9 30.0 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 32.1 33.6 33.4 34.2 33.0 34.3 34.4 35.3
Hispanic 33.0 35.4 38.9 37.7 38.7 39.6 37.1 38.9 37.3 35.5 37.7 39.8 39.0 39.9 41.1 39.3 39.9 36.4 33.6 29.9 27.6 27.4 28.2 29.5 28.6 27.7 26.6 28.3 30.3 32.5
Children in married-couple families, total — — — — — — — 10.3 9.5 9.9 10.2 10.6 11.2 11.7 10.8 10.0 10.1 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0 8.0 8.5 8.6 9.0 8.5 8.1 8.5 9.9 11.0
Related children ages 0–5 — — — — — — — 11.7 11.3 11.3 11.6 12.0 13.3 13.5 12.3 11.1 11.5 10.6 10.1 9.2 8.7 9.2 9.7 9.6 10.1 9.9 9.4 9.5 11.0 13.4
Related children ages 6–17 — — — — — — — 9.5 8.6 9.1 9.5 9.8 10.0 10.8 10.0 9.4 9.3 8.8 8.5 8.2 7.6 7.4 7.8 8.1 8.4 7.7 7.5 8.0 9.2 9.8
White, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — 6.7 6.0 6.6 6.8 7.2 7.4 7.8 6.8 5.9 5.4 5.2 5.4 4.8 4.7 4.7 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.9 4.8 5.2 4.5 4.3 4.7 5.3 6.0
Black — — — — — — — 18.3 17.1 18.3 18.1 15.1 18.2 18.0 14.6 12.8 13.8 12.8 12.1 10.9 8.8 10.1 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 11.5 11.2 12.6 12.5 12.0 11.0 11.0 15.2
Hispanic — — — — — — — 27.4 25.4 25.2 26.5 28.8 28.7 30.1 30.1 28.4 29.4 26.0 23.3 22.2 20.7 19.5 21.2 21.4 20.6 20.1 18.5 19.2 22.1 23.9
Children in female-householder families, no husband present, total 50.8 52.3 56.0 55.4 54.0 53.6 54.4 53.7 52.9 51.1 53.4 55.5 54.6 53.7 52.9 50.3 49.3 49.0 46.1 42.1 40.1 39.3 39.6 41.8 41.9 42.8 42.1 43.0 43.5 44.4
Related children ages 0–5 65.2 65.9 67.0 67.7 65.2 65.8 65.2 65.8 63.9 62.2 65.5 65.9 66.3 63.7 63.7 61.8 58.8 59.1 54.8 50.5 50.3 48.9 48.6 52.9 52.5 52.9 52.7 54.0 53.3 54.3
Related children ages 6–17 45.5 46.9 51.4 50.1 49.3 48.3 49.6 48.4 47.7 45.6 47.3 50.3 48.6 48.5 47.4 44.6 44.9 44.7 42.2 38.6 35.7 35.3 35.9 37.1 37.3 38.3 37.4 37.8 38.7 39.6
White, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — 38.0 37.2 36.2 39.6 41.0 39.6 39.0 38.0 33.5 34.9 37.2 32.8 28.9 28.0 29.0 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 29.2 30.7 31.5 33.1 32.9 32.4 31.7 33.5
Black 64.8 67.7 70.7 68.5 66.2 66.9 67.1 66.9 64.7 63.1 64.7 68.2 67.1 65.9 63.2 61.6 58.2 55.3 54.7 51.9 49.3 46.6 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 47.5 49.7 49.2 50.2 49.7 50.4 51.9 50.6
Hispanic 65.0 67.3 71.8 70.6 71.0 72.4 66.7 69.8 69.6 64.3 68.4 68.6 65.9 66.1 68.3 65.7 67.4 62.8 59.6 52.4 49.8 49.3 47.9 50.6 51.9 50.2 47.2 51.6 51.9 52.2
Characteristic 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Below 50% poverty
All childrenb 6.9 7.7 9.0 9.6 9.1 8.6 8.9 9.0 9.0 8.2 8.8 9.8 10.4 10.1 9.8 8.5 9.0 9.0 8.1 7.0 6.7 7.1 6.9 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.8 8.5 9.3
Gender
Male 6.9 7.6 9.0 9.1 9.0 8.6 8.8 8.9 9.0 8.1 8.8 9.6 10.2 10.1 9.5 8.4 8.4 8.8 8.0 6.7 6.6 6.9 7.1 7.8 7.6 7.3 7.5 7.8 8.4 9.0
Female 6.9 7.8 9.0 10.0 9.2 8.6 9.0 9.1 9.0 8.3 8.8 10.0 10.6 10.1 10.2 8.5 9.5 9.1 8.2 7.2 6.8 7.2 6.8 7.7 7.7 8.1 7.5 7.8 8.6 9.5
Age
Ages 0–5 8.3 8.9 10.2 11.0 10.2 10.0 10.1 10.0 10.5 9.9 10.7 11.6 12.7 12.3 11.9 10.8 10.8 10.4 9.7 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.4 9.7 9.3 9.1 9.4 9.8 10.4 11.3
Ages 6–17 6.2 7.2 8.4 8.8 8.5 7.8 8.2 8.5 8.2 7.3 7.8 8.8 9.2 9.0 8.7 7.2 8.0 8.2 7.3 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.2 6.7 6.8 7.0 6.5 6.8 7.5 8.2
Race and Hispanic originc
White, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — 4.9 4.5 4.3 5.0 5.2 5.5 5.5 4.9 3.9 4.9 4.6 4.3 3.6 3.7 3.9 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.6 4.1 4.5 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.5 5.0
Black — — — — — — — 23.4 24.5 22.6 22.8 25.7 27.1 26.1 23.7 20.6 20.6 19.8 17.7 15.4 15.2 16.1 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.4 17.9 17.1 17.3 16.0 17.3 17.6 17.9
Hispanic — — — — — — — 14.8 15.8 12.7 14.2 14.8 15.6 14.5 17.2 16.3 14.7 16.0 13.8 11.1 10.2 10.8 11.2 10.9 10.3 11.5 10.3 11.0 12.5 14.1
Regiond
Northeast 4.7 6.7 7.2 7.7 7.7 6.5 6.5 7.1 7.3 6.1 7.6 9.1 9.2 10.3 8.9 8.6 9.6 9.5 8.0 8.1 6.4 6.9 6.4 6.9 7.7 7.5 6.4 7.4 7.7 8.2
South 9.7 10.1 11.9 11.8 10.8 10.9 12.2 12.1 11.6 10.6 11.3 11.9 13.3 12.2 11.6 10.1 10.8 10.3 9.3 7.4 7.9 8.3 8.3 8.6 8.6 9.0 8.5 8.9 9.8 9.8
Midwest 6.3 7.2 8.8 9.7 9.9 9.5 8.8 8.6 8.0 9.0 8.9 9.3 9.9 9.4 8.6 6.6 6.7 6.3 6.2 5.9 5.5 6.1 6.1 7.0 7.0 6.5 7.3 7.4 8.4 9.7
West 5.1 5.4 6.1 7.5 6.5 5.6 5.8 6.0 7.5 5.5 6.1 7.7 7.7 7.7 9.1 7.8 8.0 9.2 8.4 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.1 7.5 6.8 7.0 6.8 6.7 7.1 8.8
Related childrena
Children in all families, total — — — — — — — 8.5 8.5 7.7 8.3 9.3 9.9 9.6 9.4 7.9 8.4 8.5 7.6 6.5 6.3 6.6 6.6 7.3 7.2 7.2 7.1 7.4 8.1 8.7
Related children ages 0–5 — — — — — — — 9.7 10.2 9.4 10.3 11.2 12.2 11.8 11.5 10.4 10.5 10.1 9.4 7.8 7.9 8.1 8.2 9.5 9.1 8.9 9.2 9.6 10.1 11.0
Related children ages 6–17 — — — — — — — 7.9 7.7 6.8 7.2 8.3 8.6 8.4 8.2 6.6 7.4 7.6 6.8 5.8 5.5 5.9 5.8 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.0 6.3 7.0 7.6
White, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — 4.5 4.0 3.9 4.4 4.7 4.9 5.0 4.4 3.4 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.2 3.3 3.4 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.3 3.7 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.5
Black — — — — — — — 22.8 23.8 22.0 22.3 25.4 26.9 26.0 23.3 20.1 20.3 19.5 17.4 15.0 14.8 15.9 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.1 17.4 16.8 16.9 15.7 17.1 17.1 17.3
Hispanic — — — — — — — 14.5 15.5 11.9 13.5 14.4 14.7 13.7 16.8 15.6 14.0 15.6 12.9 10.5 9.4 10.2 10.7 10.6 9.9 10.8 10.0 10.5 12.3 13.4
Children in married-couple families, total — — — — — — — 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.7 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.6 3.2 3.6
Related children ages 0–5 — — — — — — — 3.4 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.7 4.1 4.1 3.7 2.9 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.7 4.4
Related children ages 6–17 — — — — — — — 3.0 2.6 2.4 2.4 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.5 2.9 3.2
White, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — 2.0 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.0 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.5 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.5 1.4 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.8
Black — — — — — — — 5.6 6.5 4.2 3.9 6.0 7.4 6.7 5.5 2.9 3.3 4.7 2.9 3.3 3.1 3.3 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.8 4.0 3.6 4.5 2.9 4.4 4.4 6.0
Hispanic — — — — — — — 7.9 7.0 5.6 6.7 7.8 8.5 7.1 9.2 8.6 6.6 7.4 5.2 4.9 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.3 3.8 5.2 4.7 5.4 6.3 7.3
Children in female-householder families, no husband present, total — — — — — — — 27.9 29.1 25.8 27.7 28.9 30.4 28.6 28.1 23.8 25.8 25.8 23.0 20.4 18.9 20.4 19.6 21.5 21.7 21.8 21.1 21.2 22.3 22.2
Related children ages 0–5 — — — — — — — 35.8 37.5 34.0 37.0 37.2 39.0 36.2 37.3 33.7 35.1 33.9 31.3 27.3 27.9 27.9 27.7 31.4 30.6 29.1 29.5 30.2 30.7 29.6
Related children ages 6–17 — — — — — — — 24.5 25.1 21.7 23.0 24.7 25.9 24.7 23.5 18.9 21.5 22.4 19.4 17.6 15.2 17.2 16.2 17.3 17.9 18.5 17.4 17.0 18.3 18.7
White, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — 19.0 18.3 15.8 19.1 18.8 20.2 18.6 17.8 13.1 17.7 17.2 14.5 13.0 12.0 13.3 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 12.2 14.6 14.6 15.2 16.1 15.9 14.6 16.2
Black — — — — — — — 37.5 38.4 36.0 36.8 39.9 41.4 39.9 36.0 32.2 32.5 30.7 28.7 25.3 24.2 26.6 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 24.9 27.1 27.2 26.1 26.0 25.9 26.8 25.4
Hispanic — — — — — — — 32.3 38.6 30.4 31.9 31.0 30.5 30.0 36.0 32.5 33.6 35.6 32.3 26.5 24.8 25.8 26.3 25.3 27.7 27.7 22.9 24.4 28.5 26.9
Characteristic 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Below 150% poverty
All childrenb 29.9 32.4 34.1 34.8 32.7 32.3 31.1 30.7 30.3 30.2 31.4 32.8 33.4 34.0 33.1 32.2 31.9 30.6 29.5 28.6 26.7 27.5 27.9 28.6 28.2 28.2 28.6 29.3 30.5 32.0
Gender
Male 29.6 32.2 34.0 34.6 32.2 32.2 30.8 30.6 30.4 30.0 31.3 32.4 33.0 33.8 33.0 31.7 31.2 30.3 29.1 28.4 26.6 27.3 27.8 28.5 28.1 28.0 28.4 29.2 30.4 31.9
Female 30.3 32.7 34.2 35.0 33.2 32.3 31.4 30.7 30.2 30.5 31.6 33.3 33.7 34.3 33.2 32.7 32.5 30.8 29.9 28.8 26.8 27.6 28.0 28.8 28.4 28.3 28.8 29.5 30.6 32.2
Age
Ages 0–5 33.2 36.4 37.2 38.0 36.0 35.6 33.3 33.1 34.0 33.8 34.6 36.4 37.7 38.3 37.2 35.5 35.3 33.9 32.3 30.5 29.3 30.4 30.8 31.6 31.6 31.5 32.2 33.2 34.0 36.2
Ages 6–17 28.4 30.5 32.5 33.1 30.9 30.5 29.9 29.4 28.3 28.3 29.7 30.9 31.0 31.7 30.9 30.5 30.1 28.9 28.1 27.7 25.4 26.1 26.6 27.2 26.6 26.5 26.8 27.4 28.8 29.9
Race and Hispanic originc
White, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — 20.6 20.2 20.2 21.4 22.2 22.3 22.4 21.8 20.1 20.2 19.6 18.2 17.6 16.4 17.4 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 17.3 17.6 17.5 17.2 17.7 17.8 19.0 19.8
Black — — — — — — — 57.9 56.9 57.7 57.9 60.1 59.9 61.2 57.9 56.8 56.0 51.7 52.2 48.5 45.7 45.8 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 48.0 48.5 48.0 48.8 48.1 49.0 50.5 50.9
Hispanic — — — — — — — 55.9 54.4 54.4 56.0 58.6 58.3 60.2 58.8 59.4 57.6 55.8 53.0 49.5 47.3 46.6 47.3 48.4 47.0 45.9 45.9 47.8 47.7 50.0
Regiond
Northeast 27.0 30.1 31.6 31.3 30.7 28.1 25.1 25.3 25.0 24.3 26.7 28.1 28.8 29.1 29.0 28.8 29.4 28.3 27.5 26.4 23.4 24.5 25.2 24.5 23.4 24.9 24.6 26.0 26.0 27.3
South 35.8 37.9 39.2 38.5 36.7 36.7 35.6 34.6 35.1 35.0 36.0 36.8 37.7 38.7 35.9 35.8 35.1 34.2 31.7 31.0 29.5 31.0 31.1 32.3 31.3 31.2 31.6 32.8 33.6 34.2
Midwest 26.0 28.1 30.5 32.0 30.5 31.0 29.1 28.9 27.0 27.3 28.7 30.1 30.3 30.3 29.5 26.8 25.9 24.1 24.6 23.6 21.8 22.8 23.0 24.5 25.6 25.0 26.5 26.3 28.7 30.5
West 27.9 31.2 32.5 35.4 30.6 30.4 31.6 30.9 30.9 31.3 31.4 34.0 33.8 35.0 35.9 35.0 35.1 33.5 32.8 31.7 29.3 28.4 29.8 29.8 29.5 28.8 28.7 29.0 30.5 33.4
Related childrena
Children in all families, total — — — — — — — 30.0 29.7 29.6 30.6 32.1 32.6 33.3 32.4 31.5 31.1 29.9 28.9 27.9 26.1 26.9 27.4 28.1 27.7 27.6 28.1 28.8 29.9 31.5
Related children ages 0–5 — — — — — — — 32.6 33.5 33.2 33.9 35.8 37.0 37.6 36.6 35.1 34.8 33.4 31.9 30.0 28.9 30.1 30.5 31.3 31.3 31.2 31.7 32.9 33.5 35.8
Related children ages 6–17 — — — — — — — 28.6 27.6 27.6 28.8 30.0 30.2 31.0 30.2 29.6 29.3 28.1 27.4 26.8 24.7 25.4 26.0 26.5 26.0 25.8 26.2 26.8 28.1 29.2
White, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — 19.9 19.6 19.5 20.5 21.4 21.4 21.5 21.0 19.3 19.4 18.7 17.5 16.8 15.8 16.8 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 16.8 17.0 16.8 16.5 17.1 17.3 18.3 19.1
Black — — — — — — — 57.3 56.4 57.3 57.4 59.6 59.6 61.0 57.5 56.3 55.6 51.3 52.0 48.1 45.4 45.6 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 47.8 48.1 47.7 48.5 47.8 48.9 50.0 50.5
Hispanic — — — — — — — 55.6 54.2 53.7 55.4 57.9 57.5 59.5 58.3 59.0 57.1 55.5 52.4 48.9 46.6 46.1 46.8 48.0 46.8 45.5 45.6 47.4 47.3 49.5
Children in married-couple families, total — — — — — — — 19.8 19.2 19.2 19.9 20.9 21.3 21.8 20.7 19.9 19.8 18.6 17.9 17.6 16.2 16.8 17.5 17.6 17.3 17.0 17.1 17.4 18.8 20.1
Related children ages 0–5 — — — — — — — 22.0 22.5 22.0 22.1 23.7 24.0 24.7 23.4 21.3 22.2 21.3 19.9 18.9 17.8 19.2 20.0 19.9 20.0 19.7 19.6 19.5 21.2 23.6
Related children ages 6–17 — — — — — — — 18.5 17.3 17.7 18.7 19.3 19.7 20.3 19.3 19.1 18.6 17.1 16.8 17.0 15.4 15.6 16.3 16.5 16.0 15.6 15.8 16.3 17.6 18.3
White, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — 14.5 14.0 13.9 14.6 15.2 15.2 15.3 14.8 13.4 13.0 11.9 11.2 11.1 10.0 10.6 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10.9 10.9 10.4 10.0 10.2 10.3 11.7 12.1
Black — — — — — — — 31.7 30.0 32.7 31.7 32.0 32.5 34.5 28.2 26.2 28.4 24.3 26.2 21.2 20.7 21.3 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 25.0 22.0 22.7 23.3 23.1 21.2 23.0 26.8
Hispanic — — — — — — — 46.3 44.6 45.1 46.5 49.5 48.9 51.0 48.5 49.8 48.2 46.8 43.4 41.0 39.4 38.7 39.8 40.9 39.6 38.5 37.4 38.7 38.4 41.0
Children in female-householder families, no husband present, total — — — — — — — 66.9 67.4 66.0 66.9 68.7 68.1 67.9 67.4 65.2 64.7 64.2 61.9 59.9 57.2 57.3 56.7 58.0 57.6 58.6 59.4 60.5 61.1 60.9
Related children ages 0–5 — — — — — — — 76.5 76.7 74.9 76.7 77.6 78.6 77.0 77.6 75.1 74.3 74.3 70.8 68.0 66.8 66.4 65.2 68.1 67.9 68.6 69.2 71.3 70.4 69.8
Related children ages 6–17 — — — — — — — 62.7 63.0 61.6 62.0 64.2 62.6 63.2 62.2 60.3 60.4 59.8 57.9 56.5 53.2 53.5 53.1 53.7 53.3 54.3 55.0 55.4 56.6 56.6
White, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — 52.7 52.9 52.8 54.4 54.6 54.3 53.2 52.8 48.6 50.1 51.6 47.8 44.6 44.1 46.1 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 45.0 45.6 46.0 46.8 48.3 49.1 48.7 48.7
Black — — — — — — — 79.1 78.6 76.4 77.1 80.8 79.1 79.7 77.6 76.2 75.1 72.0 71.6 71.2 66.2 65.9 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 64.9 66.8 66.4 67.1 67.6 68.0 69.7 67.7
Hispanic — — — — — — — 81.0 81.1 78.7 80.3 80.6 79.8 80.5 81.4 81.6 80.9 77.6 75.9 71.0 70.1 65.9 66.0 68.2 68.0 66.9 67.1 69.7 70.1 69.2
Characteristic 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Below 200% poverty
All childrenb 42.3 45.1 46.5 46.7 44.6 43.5 42.2 41.1 41.1 40.8 42.4 44.0 44.3 45.0 43.9 43.3 43.2 41.3 40.1 39.2 37.5 38.2 38.3 39.1 39.3 38.9 39.0 39.2 40.6 42.2
Gender
Male 42.3 45.0 46.4 46.6 44.4 43.2 41.6 41.1 41.3 40.5 42.5 43.8 43.9 44.7 43.6 43.1 42.7 40.8 39.8 39.7 37.5 38.1 38.3 38.8 39.0 38.6 38.8 39.1 40.4 41.9
Female 42.4 45.3 46.6 46.9 44.7 43.7 42.8 41.0 40.8 41.1 42.3 44.3 44.7 45.2 44.3 43.5 43.8 41.9 40.5 38.7 37.6 38.2 38.2 39.5 39.6 39.3 39.2 39.3 40.8 42.6
Age
Ages 0–5 46.8 50.0 51.0 50.9 48.3 47.1 45.3 44.1 45.3 44.6 46.0 47.5 48.4 49.6 48.1 46.7 46.7 45.0 43.2 41.9 41.0 41.7 41.5 42.2 42.6 42.4 42.9 42.9 44.0 46.2
Ages 6–17 40.3 42.8 44.2 44.7 42.6 41.6 40.5 39.5 38.8 38.7 40.5 42.1 42.1 42.5 41.7 41.5 41.5 39.5 38.6 37.9 35.9 36.5 36.7 37.6 37.6 37.3 37.1 37.3 38.8 40.2
Race and Hispanic originc
White, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — 30.9 31.0 30.4 32.3 33.3 32.9 33.0 32.4 30.5 30.8 29.5 27.7 26.6 25.5 26.7 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 26.0 26.4 26.8 26.2 26.3 26.2 27.3 28.7
Black — — — — — — — 68.2 67.0 68.1 68.3 70.1 71.0 72.2 68.4 68.1 68.0 64.1 64.2 60.9 59.2 57.3 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 59.5 61.3 60.6 61.3 60.2 60.6 60.9 62.5
Hispanic — — — — — — — 68.1 66.3 67.2 69.5 72.0 71.0 72.9 72.0 72.9 72.0 69.3 66.7 64.3 62.6 61.5 62.0 62.6 62.2 60.7 61.0 60.8 62.0 63.0
Regiond
Northeast 39.1 41.7 42.4 43.3 40.7 37.5 35.1 34.1 33.5 34.0 36.3 38.2 38.6 38.8 37.6 38.2 38.7 37.5 37.2 35.5 33.0 33.6 33.8 34.3 32.6 33.9 34.1 35.1 34.3 36.7
South 47.8 50.3 52.0 51.0 50.0 48.6 46.5 45.5 46.2 46.3 47.7 48.6 49.0 50.1 47.6 48.4 47.8 45.5 43.3 42.6 41.6 42.4 42.3 43.5 42.7 42.5 42.4 42.6 44.3 45.2
Midwest 39.1 41.7 42.6 43.8 42.0 42.5 40.3 39.3 38.0 37.9 39.6 41.4 41.6 41.2 40.5 36.9 36.7 35.6 33.9 33.3 31.2 32.5 33.4 34.2 36.3 35.3 35.9 36.4 38.4 40.2
West 40.5 44.3 46.3 46.8 42.6 41.7 43.8 41.9 42.9 41.4 42.7 44.8 44.7 46.2 47.1 46.1 46.6 43.9 44.1 42.8 40.5 40.0 40.2 40.6 41.6 40.5 40.1 39.4 41.1 43.3
Related childrena
Children in all families, total — — — — — — — 40.4 40.5 40.2 41.7 43.3 43.6 44.2 43.2 42.6 42.5 40.7 39.5 38.5 36.9 37.6 37.8 38.6 38.7 38.4 38.5 38.7 40.0 41.7
Related children ages 0–5 — — — — — — — 43.6 44.8 44.1 45.4 47.0 47.8 49.0 47.5 46.3 46.2 44.5 42.7 41.4 40.5 41.4 41.2 42.0 42.3 42.1 42.5 42.6 43.6 45.8
Related children ages 6–17 — — — — — — — 38.7 38.1 38.0 39.6 41.3 41.3 41.7 40.9 40.7 40.7 38.7 37.9 37.1 35.2 35.8 36.1 37.0 36.9 36.6 36.5 36.7 38.2 39.6
White, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — 30.2 30.4 29.7 31.4 32.5 32.1 32.2 31.5 29.8 30.0 28.6 26.9 25.9 24.8 26.0 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 25.4 25.9 26.1 25.6 25.6 25.5 26.6 28.1
Black — — — — — — — 67.7 66.6 67.8 67.9 69.7 70.7 72.1 68.1 67.8 67.6 63.6 64.0 60.4 58.9 57.2 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 59.3 60.9 60.3 61.1 60.0 60.5 60.5 62.1
Hispanic — — — — — — — 67.7 66.0 66.6 69.1 71.5 70.4 72.3 71.5 72.5 71.7 69.1 66.3 63.9 62.1 61.1 61.7 62.3 62.1 60.3 60.7 60.4 61.6 62.6
Children in married-couple families, total — — — — — — — 30.4 30.3 29.8 31.2 32.5 32.2 32.8 31.5 31.0 31.0 28.9 27.9 27.7 26.4 26.7 26.9 27.2 27.4 27.0 26.6 26.3 28.3 29.9
Related children ages 0–5 — — — — — — — 33.5 34.5 33.4 34.3 35.5 35.4 36.4 34.7 33.2 34.0 32.5 30.6 29.7 29.1 30.0 30.3 30.3 30.5 30.1 30.1 28.9 31.2 33.7
Related children ages 6–17 — — — — — — — 28.6 27.9 27.8 29.5 30.8 30.5 30.8 29.8 29.9 29.5 27.0 26.5 26.7 25.1 25.0 25.1 25.7 25.8 25.4 24.8 24.9 26.8 27.9
White, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — 24.3 24.6 23.5 25.2 26.0 25.3 25.4 24.7 23.3 22.8 20.9 19.6 19.3 18.2 18.8 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 18.5 18.6 18.4 18.1 17.7 17.4 19.0 20.3
Black — — — — — — — 46.2 43.6 46.3 44.6 46.4 46.9 49.6 41.8 39.1 42.8 37.6 39.3 35.4 35.9 32.9 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 35.8 35.9 35.6 35.7 34.9 33.2 34.0 39.2
Hispanic — — — — — — — 59.9 58.4 59.9 62.0 65.4 63.5 65.2 63.9 65.9 65.0 62.5 59.4 57.4 55.4 54.0 55.6 55.7 55.6 54.1 53.3 52.1 54.3 55.1
Children in female-householder families, no husband present, total — — — — — — — 76.5 76.4 76.4 77.0 77.6 78.5 78.1 77.6 76.0 76.3 75.2 73.0 71.7 69.4 69.9 68.9 70.2 70.5 71.0 71.6 72.1 71.9 72.1
Related children ages 0–5 — — — — — — — 85.0 84.5 83.4 85.1 85.5 86.7 86.2 86.5 84.1 83.8 83.3 80.0 80.1 78.3 78.5 76.1 78.4 78.8 79.9 79.9 80.7 79.0 78.9
Related children ages 6–17 — — — — — — — 72.8 72.6 72.9 72.9 73.7 74.3 74.0 73.0 72.0 72.8 71.7 69.9 68.5 65.6 66.3 65.9 66.8 67.0 67.1 67.8 68.1 68.6 68.9
White, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — 65.0 64.6 65.6 66.5 66.1 67.3 66.0 65.8 61.3 64.1 63.9 60.9 58.4 56.0 59.3 — — — — — — — —
White-alone, non-Hispanic — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 58.2 58.8 59.6 59.3 60.8 61.0 60.1 60.0
Black — — — — — — — 86.2 85.7 84.6 85.6 87.6 87.7 87.8 85.4 86.8 85.0 82.8 82.1 81.9 78.6 77.0 — — — — — — — —
Black-alone — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 76.1 78.4 78.9 78.8 79.0 79.5 79.5 79.0
Hispanic — — — — — — — 89.0 86.7 86.8 88.9 87.3 87.6 89.2 89.8 88.3 89.3 86.3 83.5 82.2 82.4 79.9 78.5 80.3 80.1 80.3 79.7 81.0 80.2 80.6
— Not available.
a Related children are persons ages 0–17 who are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption, but are not themselves householders, spouses, or reference persons.
b Includes children not related to the householder.
c For race and Hispanic-origin data in this table: From 1980 to 2002, following the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards for collecting and presenting data on race, the Current Population Survey (CPS) asked respondents to choose one race from the following: White, Black, American Indian or Alaskan Native, or Asian or Pacific Islander. The Census Bureau also offered an “Other” category. Beginning in 2003, following the 1997 OMB standards for collecting and presenting data on race, the CPS asked respondents to choose one or more races from the following: White, Black or African American, Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. All race groups discussed in this table from 2002 onward refer to people who indicated only one racial identity within the racial categories presented. People who responded to the question on race by indicating only one race are referred to as the race-alone population. The use of the race-alone population in this table does not imply that it is the preferred method of presenting or analyzing data. Data from 2002 onward are not directly comparable with data from earlier years. Data on race and Hispanic origin are collected separately. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
d Regions: Northeast includes CT, MA, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, and VT. South includes AL, AR, DC, DE, FL, GA, KY, LA, MD, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA, and WV. Midwest includes IA, IL, IN, KS, MI, MN, MO, ND, NE, OH, SD, and WI. West includes AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NM, NV, OR, UT, WA, and WY.
NOTE: The 2004 data have been revised to reflect a correction to the weights in the 2005 Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC). Data for 1999, 2000, and 2001 use Census 2000 population controls. Data for 2000 onward are from the expanded Current Population Survey (CPS) sample. The poverty level is based on money income and does not include noncash benefits, such as food stamps. Poverty thresholds reflect family size and composition and are adjusted each year using the annual average Consumer Price Index level. In 2009, the poverty threshold for a two-parent, two-child family was $21,756. The levels shown here are derived from the ratio of the family’s income to the family’s poverty threshold. For more detail, see U.S. Census Bureau, Series P–60, no. 238, http://www.census.gov/prod/2010pubs/p60-238.pdf. For historical data, see http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/historical/people.html.
SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Annual Social and Economic Supplements.