| Characteristic | 1995 | 2001 | 2005 | 2007 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 55.0 | 56.3 | 57.1 | 55.3 |
| Race and Hispanic origina | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 56.9 | 58.9 | 59.0 | 58.4 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 59.5 | 63.0 | 66.5 | 65.2 |
| Asian | 58.6 | 61.9 | 70.4 | 63.9 |
| Hispanic | 37.2 | 39.8 | 43.5 | 38.9 |
| Poverty status | ||||
| Below 100% poverty | 45.6 | 46.6 | 47.2 | 40.6 |
| 100–199% poverty | 43.2 | 48.7 | 46.5 | 45.1 |
| 200% poverty and above | 65.8 | 64.0 | 66.2 | 65.3 |
| Family type | ||||
| Two parentsb | 54.8 | 56.5 | 56.9 | 55.2 |
| Two parents, married | — | 57.3 | 58.3 | 56.8 |
| Two parents, unmarried | — | 46.4 | 42.8 | 37.7 |
| One parent | 56.0 | 55.8 | 57.7 | 55.0 |
| No parents | 50.5 | 55.9 | 59.6 | 57.2 |
| Mother’s highest level of educationc | ||||
| Less than high school | 34.8 | 38.0 | 34.9 | 28.7 |
| High school diploma or equivalent | 47.6 | 47.3 | 48.6 | 43.1 |
| Some college, including vocational/technical/associate’s degree | 56.8 | 61.4 | 56.2 | 54.4 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 74.5 | 70.0 | 72.9 | 71.3 |
| Mother’s employment statusc | ||||
| 35 hours or more per week | 60.2 | 62.9 | 63.7 | 65.5 |
| Less than 35 hours per week | 62.1 | 61.4 | 60.8 | 61.6 |
| Looking for work | 51.8 | 46.2 | 42.0 | 37.8 |
| Not in the labor force | 46.5 | 46.9 | 50.2 | 43.9 |
| Regiond | ||||
| Northeast | 56.3 | 63.8 | 67.0 | 66.3 |
| South | 58.4 | 59.1 | 56.4 | 55.0 |
| Midwest | 53.8 | 55.5 | 54.4 | 55.8 |
| West | 49.9 | 47.4 | 54.2 | 47.6 |
| — Not available. | ||||
| a In 1995 and 2001, the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Standards for Data on Race and Ethnicity were used to classify persons into one of the following four racial groups: White, Black, American Indian or Alaskan Native, or Asian or Pacific Islander. For data from 2005 and 2007, the revised 1997 OMB standards were used. Persons could select one or more of five racial groups: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander. Included in the total but not shown separately are American Indian or Alaska Native and respondents with "Two or more races." For continuity purposes, in 2005 and 2007, respondents who reported the child being Asian or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander were combined. Data on race and Hispanic origin are collected separately. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. | ||||
| b Refers to adults’ relationship to child and does not indicate marital status. | ||||
| c Children without a mother in the home are excluded from estimates of mother’s highest level of education and mother’s employment status. | ||||
| d Regions: Northeast includes CT, MA, ME, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, and VT. South includes AL, AR, DC, DE, FL, GA, KY, LA, MD, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN, TX, VA, and WV. Midwest includes IA, IL, IN, KS, MI, MN, MO, ND, NE, OH, SD, and WI. West includes AK, AZ, CA, CO, HI, ID, MT, NM, NV, OR, UT, WA, and WY. | ||||
| NOTE: Center-based programs include day care centers, prekindergartens, nursery schools, Head Start programs, and other early childhood education programs. | ||||
| SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Household Education Surveys Program. | ||||
